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Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

The powdery mildew resistance of the MLIW170/PM26 locus, which originated from wild emmer wheat, is determined by a genetically linked atypical NLR gene pair, TdCNL1 and TdCNL5, with TdCNL1 encoding an atypical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein integrating a potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger ___domain.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Fan et al. show that cTAGE5 is essential for adipogenesis and adipose tissue development. Mechanistically, cTAGE5 promotes pro-insulin receptor processing, which mediates actin cytoskeleton remodeling and lipolysis during the adipocyte differentiation.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

First-instar orchid mantis nymphs avoid predators by mimicking black-red assassin bugs, whereas those in later instars avoid predators and attract prey by camouflaging themselves as lighter-coloured flowers. Here the authors use developmental transcriptomics, evolutionary genomics and predation experiments to reveal that this ontogenetic colour change is regulated by a pigment transporter called Redboy that emerged in Polyneoptera 284–197 million years ago.

A combination of metagenomic data from experimental and natural warming with microbial culturing experiments shows that warming increases the potential of evolution of antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria.

Efficient adenine base editors for mitochondrial DNA are achieved with evolved TadA deaminases.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

This study explores reentrant topological behaviors in a 1D system of interacting fermionic atoms trapped in an optical lattice obtained by overlapping two commensurable superlattices. It reveals a series of trivial-topological transitions and a spin-density wave pattern influenced by the lattice’s structure and atomic interactions, which could be observed in cold-atom experiments in future experimental setups.

Diatoms are crucial marine microorganisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature tolerance remain unclear. This study identifies the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF2 as a key regulator of thermal tolerance and cell size plasticity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its role in gene regulation and stress response.

This study explores N–heterocyclic carbene copper complexes toward selective electrocatalytic reduction of acetylene to ethylene. The electron–rich copper sites were found to facilitate acetylene adsorption and ethylene desorption and achieved high activity and selectivity for ethylene production.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum and its ancestors, along with their transcriptomes, epigenomes and genotype and phenotype data for 5,196 N. tabacum germplasms, provide insights into genome evolution and complex trait regulation.

Chromatin topology can impact gene regulation. Here, Wu et al. show that evolutionary changes in chromatin structure, particularly CTCF loops, can drive distinct transcriptional landscapes and isoform diversity contributing to human-specific traits.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown some activity in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of camrelizumab (anti-PD1) plus apatinib (VEGFR inhibitor) for previously treated ACC.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in embryonic development, wound healing and cancer. Here the authors develop an electrochemical sensor to detect EMT using E-cadherin antibody-quantum dot conjugates and a carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle-modified electrode as a detection platform.

Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV induce ALS-like phenotypes in rats and highlight CIV deficiency as a potential risk factor and therapeutic target for ALS.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Scientists have been puzzled by the disparity between climate simulations of the past 12,000 years and geological records. Dong et al. reconstructed past annual and seasonal temperatures from land snail records to examine the potential seasonal bias.

Achieving both high efficiency and narrow emission in organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) remains a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate laterally integrated OLETs with an intrinsic microcavity that achieve both enhanced efficiency and narrow emission.

To emulate nature biological processing, highly-integrated ultra-sensitive artificial neuromorphic system is highly desirable. Here, the authors report flexible sensor array of 1024 pixels using combination of carbon nanotubes and perovskite QDs as active matetials, achieving highly responsive device for reinforcement learning.

The direct cleavage of C(CO)−C single bonds is usually restricted to strained ketone substrates or to chelating assistance. Here, the authors show a rhodium(II)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 1,3-diones, diazoesters, and DMF, leading to an unusual formal insertion of O–C(sp³)–C(sp²) into unstrained C(CO)–C bonds.

Loss of Kmt2c or Kmt2d in mice drives the redeployment of KMT2A–menin to bivalent promoters, leading to changes in gene expression. This primes cells for transformation and elicits sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors.

Hypoglycemia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition for people with insulin dependent diabetes, but preventative hypoglycemia therapies are elusive. Here, the authors report the use of catechol and boronic acid chemistry to design a self-crosslinkable hydrogel-based microneedle patch that delivers Zinc-Glucagon at low glucose levels and prevents insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

The use of aqueous Zn-ion batteries is hindered by parasitic reactions, dendrite formation, and low Coulombic efficiency of Zn metal electrode. Here, authors regulate the electrolyte ions diffusion via ion-separation accelerating channel through self-assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid).

The growth of stanene on bismuth telluride has been achieved using molecular beam epitaxy. Photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to investigate the effects of the substrate on the electronic properties of the Sn layers.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The fabrication of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials mostly rely on chemical and physical strategies. Here, authors demonstrate microbe-assisted biosynthesis to fabricate a series of multi-coloured bacterial cellulosic biofilms with enhanced CPL.

GPR156 has been identified as a regulator in auditory hair cells. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structures of human apo GPR156 and the GPR156–G_i3 complex to reveal the activation mechanism of GPR156 in maintaining auditory function.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

Using systematic satellite observations of land surface temperature and soil moisture during soil dry-downs, the spatially-explicit global distribution of the critical soil moisture threshold of plant water stress and its drivers is uncovered.

Powdery mildew is a fungal leaf disease that reduces yield and grain quality in susceptible wheat varieties. Here, the authors report the cloning of the wild emmer wheat originated powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36 as a membrane associated tandem kinase and its possible resistance mechanism.

TP63 is a master regulator transcription factor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here the authors report that TP63 suppresses IFNγ signaling in SCC tumors and that its inhibition is associated with enhanced anti-tumor immunity and response to anti-PD1.

The large-scale synthesis of high-concentration dispersions of 2D nanosheets remains challenging. Here, the authors report a multi-step process to produce aqueous dispersions of few-layer graphene with ~94.5 wt.% yield and concentrations exceeding 100 mg/mL, showing the important role of inter-sheet repulsive excluded volume interactions.