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Sensing of cytosolic RNA or DNA can lead to innate responses, but little information is available for RNA/DNA dual sensors. Here the authors find SAMD9 as a potential dual sensor linked to pro-inflammatory responses, interferon induction and resistance to viral infection, as evidenced by in vitro overexpression and in vivo knockout mouse data.

The authors describe a genetic screen to identify gene functions in the mosquito stages of a malaria parasite. They discover a drug resistance transporter-like protein of the oocyst digestive vacuole that is essential for malaria transmission.

Lassa Fever is a rodent-borne viral haemorrhagic fever that is a public health problem in West Africa. Here, the authors develop a spatiotemporal model of the socioecological drivers of disease using surveillance data from Nigeria, and find evidence of climate sensitivity.

This study maps proteomic changes in Alzheimer’s mouse models, identifying shared pathways with humans, amyloid-driven protein turnover, and proteome-transcriptome differences, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential targets.

Application of correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) in plants remains challenging. Here, the authors use Click-iT chemistry as a tool for CLEM, due to its unique properties in resin permeability and super-resolution microscopy. They use this approach to study cellular physiology in Arabidopsis.

In this study, the authors show that centriole 9-fold microtubule symmetry is not essential for centriole elongation, correct distribution of the centriole’s components along its length, and in initiating aspects of centriole duplication.

The rhoptry is an apical secretory organelle of apicomplexan parasites that is essential for host cell invasion. Here, Mageswaran et al. provide in situ ultrastructures of rhoptries from two pathogens, revealing a conserved architecture including luminal filaments and a distinct docking mechanism.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been actively explored for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, the authors report a universal metabolic tagging technology to generate chemically tagged EVs from parent cells, modulate EV-cell interactions, and develop potent EV-based cancer vaccines.

Apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique actomyosin system to mediate motility and host cell invasion. Here, the authors apply cryo-ET to Cryptosporidium parvum and Toxoplasma gondii to visualize the F-actin architecture in the native cellular context.

Prior to anaphase, securin binds separase and thereby prevents cohesin cleavage. Here, the authors develop a method to produce active securin-free separase, identify a docking motif in cohesin that promotes cleavage, and show that securin interferes with this interaction.

A number of human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, patients suffer from respiratory symptoms commonly attributed to cardiac insufficiency. Here, the authors characterise the role of pulmonary Trypanosoma brucei in respiratory infection.

A modeling study quantifies the health-economic burden of Lassa virus infection across West Africa and projects impacts of a series of reactive and preventive vaccination campaigns against the disease, presenting substantial impacts in terms of averted disability-adjusted life years and healthcare cost reductions.

Wildlife communities in human-managed ecosystems contain proportionally more species that share human pathogens, and at a higher abundance, than undisturbed habitats, suggesting that landscape transformation creates increasing opportunities for contact between humans and potential hosts of human disease.

Martinez et al. identified the protein interactome of the tau seed responsible for propagation. The authors found how the presynaptic protein Bassoon interacts with the tau seed enhancing its stability and subsequently tau toxicity and spreading.

The design and understanding of electrode–electrolyte interfaces is important for the development of improved energy storage devices. Here, the authors study the controlled deposition of molybdenum polyoxometalate anions onto carbon nanotube electrodes, and show this can result in increased specific capacitance.

It is currently unknown how climate and land use changes could affect the endemic area of Lassa virus, a zoonotic pathogen responsible for Lassa fever. Here, the authors show that by 2070, new regions in Africa will likely become ecologically suitable for Lassa virus, drastically increasing the population living in conditions favourable for virus circulation.

An ultrasensitive miRNA sensor based on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with redox-labelled probe DNA is capable of detecting miRNA at a concentration of 10 aM to 1 nM in unprocessed blood, and following tumour-induced variation in miRNA levels.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

The capacity to predict zoonotic disease outbreaks is hampered by data availability and complex relationships between humans, wildlife, and the environment. Here the authors present a modelling framework that identifies potential high-risk locations for Ebola outbreaks under various climatic, demographic, and land use scenarios.

Podocyte injury is central to kidney dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Here the authors show that Msk2 is a target of miR-93 and this interaction mediates pathogenic chromatin remodelling in diabetic nephropathy.

Long-term experimental evolution and modelling show the evolution of small and large cluster-forming lineages of snowflake yeast that coexist over generations due to a trade-off between organismal size and competitiveness for dissolved oxygen.

Inhaled allergens induce many changes in airway function. Kheradmand and colleagues show that matrix metalloproteinase 7 activates the cytokine interleukin 25 and inhibits retinoic acid–mediated induction of regulatory T cells, thereby heightening allergic responses.

The transcription machinery must locate specific promoter sequences among a vast excess of nonspecific DNA. Real-time single-molecule experiments with E. coli RNA polymerase, combined with theoretical calculations, suggest that facilitated diffusion does not contribute to promoter targeting at physiologically relevant protein concentrations but that instead the promoter search is dominated by three-dimensional diffusion.

Damaged erythrocytes accumulate in various pathological conditions, such as hemolytic anemia, anemia of inflammation, and sickle cell disease. In mice challenged with damaged erythorcytes, a monocyte subset migrates to the liver (but not to the spleen), and this subset differentiates into a transient macrophage population that removes the damaged erythrocytes, thus preventing organ damage.

Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis of a global database of bird introduction events reveals the environmental, climatic and biotic factors that are the primary determinants of the successful establishment of populations of alien species.

A bidirectional interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteria and cancerous tumors results in an anti-tumor effect; cancer cells stimulate PA-secretion of azurin which promotes tumor cell production of aldolase A.