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Towards evidence-based immunology

Immunology is in an unprecedented era of exciting exploration, made possible by powerful new tools and technologies. To capitalize on this progress and translate discovery to meaningful impact, a parallel culture of ‘evidence-based immunology’ must be developed.

David S. Khoury
Deborah Cromer
Miles P. Davenport
Comments & Opinion02 Jun 2025
Nature Immunology

Volume: 26, P: 980-982
Monoclonal antibody levels and protection from COVID-19

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in clinical trials. Here the authors model the dose-response relationship between the dose of mAbs and protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, the protection is comparable to that achieved by vaccination.

Eva Stadler
Martin T. Burgess
David S. Khoury
ResearchOpen Access28 Jul 2023
Nature Communications

Volume: 14, P: 1-9
Predicting COVID-19 booster immunogenicity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and the benefits of vaccine updates

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been updated to include antigens from new variants. Here, the authors analyse data from published studies to investigate whether updating vaccines provides additional immunity to subsequent emerging strains compared to using original vaccines.

Deborah Cromer
Arnold Reynaldi
Miles P. Davenport
ResearchOpen Access27 Sept 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-9
Platform for isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants enables rapid characterization of Omicron in Australia

A platform developed for rapid isolation of SARS-CoV-2 variants also facilitates the characterization of variant immune evasion and viral fitness. The platform enabled rapid detection of the Omicron variant in samples of the first cases in Australia.

Anupriya Aggarwal
Alberto Ospina Stella
Stuart G. Turville
ResearchOpen Access30 May 2022
Nature Microbiology

Volume: 7, P: 896-908
High frequency CCR5 editing in human hematopoietic stem progenitor cells protects xenograft mice from HIV infection

Mutations of CCR5 have been linked to improved outcome to HIV infection. Here the authors use CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of CCR5 in mobilized hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and show protection in a murine xenograft HIV infection model.

Daniel T. Claiborne
Zachary Detwiler
Todd M. Allen
ResearchOpen Access07 Jan 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-14
Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection

The duration of immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from prior infection and longer-term risk of reinfection are currently unclear. Cromer and colleagues discuss the immune control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the implications of this for the future control of the pandemic.

Deborah Cromer
Jennifer A. Juno
Miles P. Davenport
Reviews29 Apr 2021
Nature Reviews Immunology

Volume: 21, P: 395-404
Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Estimates of the levels of neutralizing antibodies necessary for protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19 are a fraction of the mean level in convalescent serum and will be useful in guiding vaccine rollouts.

David S. Khoury
Deborah Cromer
Miles P. Davenport
Research17 May 2021
Nature Medicine

Volume: 27, P: 1205-1211
Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis

In this study, the authors perform a meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies and compare observed protection against severe disease with model-based estimates of neutralising antibody titres. Their results show that SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres are predictive of protection against severe COVID-19 disease.

Deborah Cromer
Megan Steain
Miles P. Davenport
ResearchOpen Access24 Mar 2023
Nature Communications

Volume: 14, P: 1-9
Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia

Priyanka Hastak
Deborah Cromer
Sarah C. Sasson
ResearchOpen Access15 May 2024
Scientific Reports

Volume: 14, P: 1-10
Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Plasma from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 exhibits 22-fold less neutralization capacity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) than against an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain but residual neutralization is maintained in those with high levels of neutralization of ancestral virus.

Sandile Cele
Laurelle Jackson
Alex Sigal
ResearchOpen Access23 Dec 2021
Nature

Volume: 602, P: 654-656
Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Longitudinal analyses are needed to show how the immune response to Sars-Cov-2 infection changes over time. Here, the authors use multiple strategies to profile the change in immune cell responses from patients with convalescent COVID-19 over the course of ~5 months, showing that although neutralizing antibody responses drop off after ~4 months, B cell immune responses strengthen.

Adam K. Wheatley
Jennifer A. Juno
Stephen J. Kent
ResearchOpen Access19 Feb 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-11
Bivalent mRNA booster vaccination recalls cellular and antibody immunity against antigenically divergent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens

Mai-Chi Trieu
Arnold Reynaldi
Jennifer A. Juno
ResearchOpen Access18 Apr 2025
npj Vaccines

Volume: 10, P: 1-9
Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters

Neutralizing antibody titers elicited by either ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccine boosters are predicted to increase protection against severe disease due to SARS-CoV-2 variants.

David S. Khoury
Steffen S. Docken
Deborah Cromer
Research02 Mar 2023
Nature Medicine

Volume: 29, P: 574-578
Functional cure of HIV: the scale of the challenge

In this Analysis, the authors discuss different strategies for the post-treatment control of HIV infection. They use mathematical modelling to predict the impact of different interventions and to estimate the therapeutic efficacy required to achieve a functional cure.

Miles P. Davenport
David S. Khoury
Stephen J. Kent
Research08 Nov 2018
Nature Reviews Immunology

Volume: 19, P: 45-54
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?

Understanding of the role of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection is of great importance for the design of next-generation vaccines. In this Perspective, Davenport and colleagues discuss the challenges in determining a causal relationship between vaccine-induced T cell immunity and protection from COVID-19.

Stephen J. Kent
David S. Khoury
Miles P. Davenport
Reviews28 Apr 2022
Nature Reviews Immunology

Volume: 22, P: 387-397
Measuring immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models

Are you new to virus research and trying to interpret the ever-expanding literature on immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)? Here, the authors compare the different assays and animal models used to measure immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and reconcile differences in apparent potency of antibodies assessed in different assays.

David S. Khoury
Adam K. Wheatley
Miles P. Davenport
Reviews02 Nov 2020
Nature Reviews Immunology

Volume: 20, P: 727-738
Reduced erythrocyte susceptibility and increased host clearance of young parasites slows Plasmodium growth in a murine model of severe malaria

David S. Khoury
Deborah Cromer
Miles P. Davenport
ResearchOpen Access06 May 2015
Scientific Reports

Volume: 5, P: 1-7

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Towards evidence-based immunology

Monoclonal antibody levels and protection from COVID-19

Predicting COVID-19 booster immunogenicity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and the benefits of vaccine updates

Platform for isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants enables rapid characterization of Omicron in Australia

High frequency CCR5 editing in human hematopoietic stem progenitor cells protects xenograft mice from HIV infection

Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis

Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Bivalent mRNA booster vaccination recalls cellular and antibody immunity against antigenically divergent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens

Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters

Functional cure of HIV: the scale of the challenge

Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?

Measuring immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models

Reduced erythrocyte susceptibility and increased host clearance of young parasites slows Plasmodium growth in a murine model of severe malaria

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