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Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

Employing appropriate catalysts in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries can significantly enhance performance. Here, authors utilize natural language processing techniques in conjunction with a binary descriptor to screen preferrable single-atom catalysts to achieve high specific capacity.

c-di-AMP is essential for bacterial signaling. Here, the authors identify the GlcNAc-sensing regulator DasR as a c-di-AMP receptor and provide molecular insight into their signaling effect on the developmental and antibiotic biosynthesis control across Actinobacteria.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

The germline is established during embryogenesis when primordial germ cells are first specified. Here they show that the RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 function together to repress the translation of SOX4, restricting the germ cell lineage specification during embryonic development.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

A facile light-triggered doping strategy involving a series of inactive photoactivable dopants is described that facilitates tunable regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, resulting in stable patterning of the doping profile at record high resolutions.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Colour code on a superconducting qubit quantum processor is demonstrated, reporting above-breakeven performance and logical error scaling with increased code size by a factor of 1.56 moving from distance-3 to distance-5 code.

A base editing study in poplar shows that synergistic optimization of a cytosine base editing system (hyPopCBE-V4) enhances C to T editing efficiency and precision, reduces byproducts, and yields herbicide-resistant germplasm, providing a tool for tree breeding.

A subpopulation of astrocytes selectively expresses synaptic-like glutamate-release machinery, actively secretes the transmitter and is localized to discrete sites in the hippocampus.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Heteroatom substitution in SAC’s first coordination boosts activity but weakens stability, limiting its practical application. Here, authors show that doping O in secondary shell enhances catalytic durability (>240 h) and Fe^IV = O activity (41.6-fold), resolving the activity-stability trade-off.

Double-gate transistors of bilayer layered antiferromagnet CrPS₄ give full control of the spin polarization of the conduction band and of the magnetization of the accumulated electrons.

Craniofacial malformations have been linked to congenital heart defects, as in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, but the mechanisms linking these lineages remain unknown. Here they show that zebrafish nxk2.7 is expressed in cardiopharyngeal progenitors and has roles in craniofacial development that cannot be compensated for by nkx2.5.

The overlap of different crystal lattices can give rise to a Moire structure with long range periodicity. While this feature has been heavily exploited in twisted van der Waals heterostructures, here, Yao et al find the telltale signatures of Moire magnetism in CrBr3 multilayers induced by differential strain, in the absence of twisting.

Finding new drug targets may open up a way to combat microbial infections. In this work, authors present the molecular basis for the dual-function regulator MexL as a target to control the virulence and pathogenesis of opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Early-onset lung cancer in young adults remains poorly studied. Here, the authors analyse the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune features of early-onset non-small cell lung cancers in a cohort of 421 patients across ten medical centres in China, identifying potential therapeutic strategies for this subgroup.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

A study identifies two genes that act as brakes controlling the sugar content of tomatoes and demonstrates their manipulation to generate sweeter tomatoes without affecting the fruit size and yield.

Gut microbiota-derived succinate promotes CitC succinyltransferase-dependent succinylation of PurR to alleviate T3SS repression and promote virulence in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Two-dimensional materials show remarkable lubrication properties, yet chemical modifications may hinder such capabilities. Here, the authors show that when graphene is aligned on a Ge(111) substrate, ultra-low friction can be preserved even after graphene fluorination or oxidation.

Single layers of group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as direct bandgap semiconductors in the two-dimensional limit. The authors show that monolayer molybdenum diselenide is an ideal system enabling electrostatic tunability of charging effects in neutral and charged electron-hole pairs, so-called excitons.

Exploiting as many degrees of freedom of the electron as possible will make future electronic devices more versatile. Here, the authors show that coupling of spin, layer pseudospin and valley degrees of freedom in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers makes them a promising platform for this purpose.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

By characterizing the dynamics of epitranscriptomes and translatomes upon Magnaporthe oryzae infection, the authors uncover that ac4C enriched in the 3rd nt of codons improves translation of mRNA to enhance rice resistance against M. oryzae.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Understanding the mutation landscape of cancer may enable the development of more targeted therapies. Here, the authors sequence a panel of genes in a large Asian cohort and compare to American cohorts and find 64% of the Asian patients have actionable mutations.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps generally has a type 2 inflammatory eosinophilic profile but can have a treatment resistant neutrophilic phenotype. Here the authors characterise nasal polyps using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and show granzyme K⁺CD8⁺ T cells associated with neutrophilic inflammation which promote release of neutrophilic chemoattractants from fibroblasts.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The mechanisms regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation in medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity (MBEN) remain poorly understood. Here, single cell multi-omics and spatial analysis characterises the spatial tissue organisation of MBEN in the context of the developmental trajectory.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

This study presents a method to create nanoscale polarization transient gratings in the EUV range. Unlike intensity gratings, it reduces thermal effects, revealing hidden material dynamics. This enables new insights in chiral materials and ultrafast magnetism.

Meta-analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals identify 87 rare-variant associations with blood pressure traits. On average, rare variants exhibit effects ~8 times larger than the mean effects of common variants and implicate candidate causal genes at associated regions.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

Integrating structural, biochemical, and computational methods, this work reveals metal translocation and conformational changes of a prototypical elevator-type ZIP transporter, providing insights into the metal transport mechanism.

Van der Waals materials often exhibit different metastable structures, with the constituent layers shifted by small, atomic scale distances. If the material is magnetic, the resulting different layer stackings can cause drastic changes in magnetic ordering. Here, Yao et al. observe all three locally stable magnetic orderings predicted to occur in CrBr₃ multilayers, two antiferromagnetic and one ferromagnetic.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Thermoelectric plastics with a high figure of merit, suppressed thermal conductivity and an enhanced power factor are realized by combining layered and bulk heterojunctions to create a polymeric multi-heterojunction.

A hybrid analogue–digital quantum simulator is used to demonstrate beyond-classical performance in benchmarking experiments and to study thermalization phenomena in an XY quantum magnet, including the breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions and signatures of the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.

Tectonic faults weaken during slip in order to accelerate and produce earthquakes. Here the authors show a mechanism for weakening faults through the transformation of quartz to amorphous nanoparticulate wear powders that lubricate friction experiments, and transform back to quartz under geologic conditions.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.