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Prostate cancer growth depends on de novo lipogenesis controlled by the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Here the authors find that a histone methyltransferase KMT9 is localized in the mitochondria of prostate cancer cells to regulate PDC activity by methylating its subunit DLAT.

Even though glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents, they can cause muscle wasting. Here, the authors show that targeting the glucocorticoid receptor coactivator LSD1 limits muscle loss without reducing the drugs’ efficiency on the immune system.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Wang et al. report on an inhibitor of the lysine methyltransferase KMT9 with cellular activity. The inhibitor blocks proliferation of androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells, opening therapeutics avenues to treat this type of cancer.

Catalytic iron is associated with intensive care unit mortality and is known to cause free radical-mediated cellular toxicity. Here the authors show that a soluble ferrostatin-analogue (a ferroptosis inhibitor) protects mice from injury and death in experimental iron overload induced and genetic models of organ dysfunction, but not sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction.

Sparked by the discovery of LSD1, the first bona fide histone lysine demethylase, a burst of research has opened a new era in understanding how chromatin is regulated, including the identification of the JmjC ___domain–containing histone demethylases. Now, several independent studies provide evidence that yeast Yjr119Cp, human JARID1 and Drosophila Lid, all members of the JmjC family, demethylate histone H3 trimethyl-Lys4, a mark of transcriptionally active chromatin.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

Brown adipocytes are rich in mitochondria and influence whole-body energy balance. Here, Duteil et al. show that the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) controls mitochondrial biogenesis and the formation of brown-like adipocytes, and that LSD1 overexpression in white fat reduces weight gain of mice on a high-fat diet.

The histone demethylase Lsd1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. Here, the authors show that the loss of Lsd1 in the trophectoderm of mouse embryos leads to premature differentiation of trophoblast stem cells, partially due to de-repression of the transcription factor Ovol2.

KMT9, a new histone lysine methyltransferase targeting H4K12, is enriched at promoters of genes encoding molecules involved in the cell cycle and controls the growth of androgen receptor–dependent and castration- and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and xenograft tumors.

Observations from the JWST of the second brightest GRB ever detected, GRB 230307A, indicate that it belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs resulting from compact object mergers, with the decay of lanthanides powering the longlasting optical and infrared emission.

The amino-terminal tails of histone proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications; addition or removal of these 'marks' facilitates gene activation or silencing. Here, a mechanism is defined that modulates the activity of the dual-specificity histone demethylase LSD1 during androgen-dependent transcription. Androgen-dependent signalling through protein kinase C beta I leads to phosphorylation of a histone amino acid, which prevents demethylation of an adjacent amino acid by LSD1.

Methylation of the lysine demethylase KDM1A and the recognition of this modification by the chromodomain helicase CHD1 control androgen-dependent gene transcription and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, a common translocation event in prostate cancer.

Updated results from the EMILIA and TH3RESA trials in patients with advanced-stage HER2-positive breast cancer confirm the overall survival benefit and favourable safety profile of T-DM1 after prolonged follow-up durations. The efficacy of T-DM1 as a second or later line of treatment indicates that HER2 is a relevant therapeutic target throughout the course of the disease.

A ‘mouse atlas’, comprising single-cell transcriptomic data from more than 100,000 cells from 20 organs and tissues, has been created as a resource for cell biology.

Gaglia, Kabraji and colleagues quantify cell cycle markers in single cells to define the spatial distribution of proliferation in tumours. They define metrics that capture clinically significant features of cancer proliferation.

Goel and colleagues show that CDK4/6 inhibition induces global chromatin changes mediated by AP-1 factors, which mediate key biological and clinical effects in breast cancer.

Forced expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 in antigen-specific T cells enhanced the recognition and lysis of pancreatic cancer cells and the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

A transcriptomics study demonstrates cell-type-specific responses to differentially aged blood and shows young blood to have restorative and rejuvenating effects that may be invoked through enhanced mitochondrial function.

The tidal disruption event AT2019dsg is probably associated with a high-energy neutrino, suggesting that such events can contribute to the cosmic neutrino flux. The electromagnetic emission is explained in terms of a central engine, a photosphere and an extended synchrotron-emitting outflow.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas across the lifespan of the mouse, denoted Tabula Muris Senis, provides molecular information about the hallmarks of ageing in a range of tissues and cell types.

V-___domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) selectively engages P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and suppresses T cells at acidic pH similar to those in tumour microenvironments, thereby mediating resistance to anti-tumour immune responses.

Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate, and improper positioning of the nuclei contributes to muscle dysfunction.

Bulk RNA sequencing of organs and plasma proteomics at different ages across the mouse lifespan is integrated with data from the Tabula Muris Senis, a transcriptomic atlas of ageing mouse tissues, to describe organ-specific changes in gene expression during ageing.

High-time-resolution observations of the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20180916B reveal changes to the polarization properties of the emission on timescales of a few microseconds, indicating an origin in the source magnetosphere.

A comprehensive analysis of the thymic medulla identifies a tuft-cell-like thymic epithelial cell population that is necessary for shaping thymic function.

Simunovic et al. use human embryonic stem cells to generate a three-dimensional model of a human pre-gastrulation epiblast and show that anterior–posterior symmetry breaking can be induced by BMP4 and WNT signalling.

Mouse models of breast carcinoma and other solid tumours show that selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors not only induce tumour cell cycle arrest but also promote anti-tumour immunity.

An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.

In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models of prostate cancer and discuss their respective advantages and limitations in the context of current needs and challenges in prostate cancer research and therapy.

This protocol describes how to differentiate and image human embryonic stem cells on micropatterned colonies to create radially organized domains of the germ layers mimicking embryonic gastrulation in vitro.