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The HIV-1 RNA-binding protein rev facilitates nuclear export of viral RNA. Here, the authors use native mass spectrometry to study the interactions between rev-derived peptides and rev response elements of HIV-1 RNA, providing mechanistic insights into rev recognition and recruitment.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

In this study, the authors performed single-cell RNA-sequencing across various isogenic mutant FUS and TDP43 neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction emerged as pathway unique to motor neurons demonstrating shared toxic gain of-function mechanisms, uncoupled from protein mislocalization.

Optical anapoles in nanoresonators result in strong suppression of the electromagnetic radiation, which is challenging to detect in ideal settings. Here, the authors show that fast electrons are a powerful tool to circumvent this challenge due to their ability to access dark modes.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Here, the authors find a conserved mechanism by which a single transcription factor controls mitochondrial health in dopaminergic neurons during the aging process.

Live-cell RNA imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution remains a major challenge. Here the authors design spirocyclic rhodamine probes that enable a fluorescent light-up aptamer system suitable for visualizing RNAs in live or fixed cells with two different super-resolution microscopy modalities SMLM and STED.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Shallow seawater during the Great Oxidation Event contained abundant phosphite, comprising 5–88% of total dissolved phosphorus. Preferential phosphate removal by ferric oxides and microbial competition may have promoted its biological usage.

Porous and hollow silk fibroin microneedles nanofabricated with phase front assembly allow the authors to establish a prolonged interface with plants for delivery of micronutrients, crop fortification and continuous plant health monitoring.

A class of moiré quasiperiodic crystals with unexpected electronic properties is presented, exhibiting flat bands and correlation-induced gaps that signal the emergence of correlated quantum states.

Deep understanding of mechanisms of resistance to active therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer is crucial for developing more effective treatments. Here, the authors investigate the genomic landscape of 254 patients receiving anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR treatment, identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities and suggest combination therapies.

Dielectric metasurfaces with strong nonlinearities hold promise for integrated nanophotonics and quantum technologies, yet their fabrication is hindered by material-dependent challenges and limited material choices with second-order optical nonlinearities. Here, the authors employ top-down lithography and anisotropic wet etching to fabricate atomically precise, ultrathin metasurfaces highly efficient for second-harmonic generation.

Analysis of 2,170 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain provides insights into transmission patterns and the effects of lockdown on the emergence of new variants.

Self-related cognitions are central to identity and wellbeing. Using 7-Tesla MRI, Kung et al map a dynamic network centred on the habenula demonstrating its role in encoding self-directed thinking and adaptive responses to negative self-cognitions.

Functionalized quantum dots emitting short-wavelength infrared light enable small-animal imaging with deep penetration, high spatial resolution and fast acquisition speeds.

Parks, Schneider et al. show that brain states like sleep and wake can be reliably detected from milliseconds of neural activity in local regions in mice. Regions can briefly switch states independently, coinciding with fleeting behavioral changes.

Hartman et al. use mouse models of cardiac function to show that aficamten decreases the availability of myosin heads for contraction during systole, attenuating a primary driver of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology.

Study in children in LMIC evaluates analytic strategies to obtain high-resolution, vertex-level measures of cortical neuroanatomy using low-field magnetic resonance imaging.

Large-scale genetic screening for plastid-to-nucleus gene transfers identifies that fast double-strand break repair functions as a key barrier for nuclear integration of organellar DNA and provides initial insights into the genetic control of this process.

This work compares the preclinical lung biodistribution and efficacy profile of inhaled anti-CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) Anticalin® protein PRS-220 for the treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared to systemic delivery of a CCN2 inhibitor.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Combining rabies-based connectomics with single-nucleus transcriptomics, the authors identify a neural circuit through which GLP-1 receptor agonists suppress appetite in mice.

Challenges in obtaining empirical trait data hinder the development of trait-based frameworks for soil microbes. Here, the authors analyse traits of saprobic fungal isolates from a grassland site to propose a fungal economics spectrum, suggesting a general trait framework for soil fungi.

A computational method is introduced for mutational intratumor heterogeneity inference from noisy genotype matrices derived from single-cell sequencing data. The proposed method is shown to be accurate and faster than available alternatives.

Experiments on spin–orbit torque magnetization switching over seven orders of magnitude in current pulse duration unveil a transition from non-coherent to coherent magnetization reversal as pulse duration is reduced and a reduction of energy consumption in the picosecond regime by an order of magnitude.

Cells in large heterogeneous cell populations can be selectively photolabelled according to specific functional dynamics via an optical microscope with an ultrawide field of view, fast image analysis and a photoactivatable dye.

Here the authors reveal triple heterogeneity of H2A.Z containing nucleosomes, attributed to interactions involving the C-terminal tail of the histone variant, and demonstrate modulation of global chromatin architecture using a synthetic tail peptide.

Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) control tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Here, authors provide spatial information on ECM organization and how it influences tumor cell invasive and metastasis properties through induction of cytoskeletal and transcriptional memory.

Many current immunoassays require multiple washing, incubation and optimization steps. Here the authors present Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics (RAPPID), a generic assay platform that uses ratiometric bioluminescent detection to allow sandwich immunoassays to be performed directly in solution.

By deciphering the molecular fingerprint of cells treated with host-directed therapies targeting protein translation, the authors identified a rational approach to select for broad-spectrum antivirals with potential to counteract future pandemic viruses.

Phosphorene nanoribbons demonstrate extraordinary magnetic properties, ranging from large internal fields in films to macroscopic alignment in solution, which can be coupled to photoexcitations that localize to the magnetic edge of these ribbons.

Metabolic labeling is often used to measure protein turnover. Here the authors show that for interconvertible protein species like phosphoforms metabolic labeling does not provide information on turnover differences, but that the relative order of modification can determine the observed dynamics.

Here the authors report results from a randomized clinical trial testing a combination of ChAOx1/MVA.HTI vaccines and the TLR7 agonist vesatolimod in men living with HIV-1. While the treatment showed a good safety profile and induction of HTI-focused T-cell responses, viral rebound was similar in treatment arm and placebo arm.

How the human plasma proteome is altered during hyperacute HIV-1 infection remains elusive. Here, the authors profile plasma proteins in participants from sub-Saharan African countries before, during and after hyperacute infection and report differentially expressed proteins that define early host response and might serve as biomarkers.

Therapy of tuberculosis is challenging, mainly due to complex structures of necrotic granulomas that often impair drug delivery. In this work, the authors show that the drug BTZ-043 fully penetrates necrotic granulomas and has potent lesional antibacterial activity.

Here the authors report experiment and theory study of the photoionization of xenon inner shell 4d electron using attosecond pulses. They have identified two ionization paths - one corresponding to broad giant dipole resonance with short decay time and the other involving spin-flip transitions.

Whether intermittent strategies of delivering drugs can improve cancer patients survival is still unclear. Here, the authors reports the results of a randomized phase II clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens (continuous and intermittent) of vemurafenib and cobimetinib combination as first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation

Examining 15 years of data in the Arctic, this study shows that plankton, including diatoms and parasites, play key roles in exporting carbon to the seafloor. Species like Chaetoceros socialis are crucial for carbon flux and pelagic-benthic coupling.

Photochemical modelling suggests that H₂ outgassing from crustal hydration could have supported transient warming episodes on early Mars in a CO₂-rich atmosphere with abrupt transitions to cold climate states in a CO-rich atmosphere.

Zeiser and colleagues show that CAR T cell therapy results in upregulation of the TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1)–NF-κB–p38 MAPK pathway in microglia, causing neurocognitive defects, and find that TAK1 inhibition can reduce immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

The Chemical Checker is a collection of small-molecule bioactivity signatures organized in increasing levels of biological complexity. This protocol describes how to incorporate new data, create novel bioactivity spaces and interpret the results.

NNC2215 is an insulin conjugate that can reversibly adjust its bioactivity in response to a diabetes-relevant glucose range in vivo.

Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase catabolises poly(ADP-ribose), which is covalently attached to proteins following post-translational modification. In this study, the structure of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase fromTetrahymena thermophilais reported in complex with the small molecule inhibitor RBPI-3.

The authors present a protocol for the self-assembly of single-cell suspensions into spheroids by the liquid overlay method, followed by a modular framework of orthogonal assays to phenotype spheroids both longitudinally and at an endpoint.