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The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is an critical part of host defense against microbial infection. Here, Jia et al, characterize the mechanisms by which reactive nitrogen species can modulate innate immunity.

SsPEIE1 is an essential virulence factor of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. SsPEIE1 interacts with the key immune factor AtHIR4 and inhibits AtHIR4 oligomerization-mediated immune responses in Arabidopsis, thereby promoting S. sclerotiorum infection.

Multi-region sequencing of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) can improve our understanding of the disease. Here the authors analyse 120 multi-region samples from 40 SCLC patients with whole exome sequencing and characterise their mutational burden, evolution, heterogeneity, and potential prognostic biomarkers.

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Typically, Cu catalysts agglomerate under electrochemical conditions. Here, the authors report a coordination polymer catalyst with neighboring Cu sites which remain isolated and reduce CO₂ to C₂H₄ with high selectivity and stability

A sequencing chemistry that separates nucleotide identification from nucleotide incorporation achieves high accuracy.

The origin of energetic charged particles in universe remains an unresolved issue, while one of the promising mechanism contributions is stochastic acceleration. Here the authors demonstrate electron stochastic acceleration of kinetic turbulence in a lab setting.

The authors develop an efficient and stable amorphous/crystalline dual-phase Cu catalyst towards electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction, with an ammonia Faradaic efficiency of around 90% at a high current density of 1.5 A cm⁻² for up to 300 h.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) based cancer therapy is limited by severe toxicity and strong Treg amplification at the therapeutic dosage. Here, the authors develop a recombinant IL-2 immunocytokine which is comprised of a tumor-targeting antibody fused to a super mutant IL-2 and show in mouse models that this next-generation IL2 has reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor activity.

In a randomized phase 3 trial, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus either paclitaxel and cisplatin or nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin elicited a significantly superior pathological complete response rate versus neoadjuvant paclitaxel and cisplatin alone in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

A comprehensive map of genomic variation in melon derived from resequencing of 1,175 accessions sheds light on the population structure and domestication history of melon and agronomic traits for melon breeding.

Ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) is required for DNA synthesis, but how this is regulated during cell cycle progression is unclear. Here the authors report that the cell cycle regulator APC/C-CDH1 synchronizes cell cycle progression with R5P-derived DNA synthesis by controlling TKTL1 stability

A wireless optoelectronic probe integrates a microscale light-emitting diode and a photodetector coated with oxygen-sensitive dyes to monitor the partial pressure of oxygen in the deep brain of freely moving mice.

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a unique type of gastric cancer with no prognostic features. Here, the authors report a CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 gene fusion in patients with a high signet-ring cell content, poor survival outcomes, and who experience no benefit from platinum/fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapy.

Ribosome biogenesis is crucial for maintaining stem cell homeostasis. Here, authors reveal that DDX10 plays a critical role in ribosome biogenesis by regulating 18S rRNA maturation, which is vital for the proliferation and maintenance of mESCs.

Moiré superlattices offer a tunable platform for studying charge and spin phenomena in correlated solid-state systems. Here, the authors explore spin transport in twisted WSe₂/WS₂ superlattices and find signatures of spin–charge transport decoupling.

Manipulating the carbon-carbon coupling pathway in CO₂ electroreduction is vital yet challenging. Here, by studying two model copper-based catalysts with distinct ethylene and ethanol selectivity, authors investigate the mechanistic origins for symmetric and asymmetric carbon-carbon coupling.

The pan-genome of 17 wheat cultivars grown in China is explored, providing insights into the breeding history of wheat in East Asia.

In this study the authors report USP48 and BRAF are frequently mutated in USP8 wild-type corticotroph adenomas, and cause Cushing’s disease mainly through promoting the promoter activity of POMC. Inhibition of BRAF may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated corticotroph adenomas.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spreads rapidly. Here the authors show that Omicron S preferentially adopts the one-RBD-up conformation, which leads to a non-RBM-binding monoclonal antibody escape. Mutagenesis reveals that S371L, S373P and S375F substitutions enhance the conformational stability.

This study examining blood transcriptomic, neuroimaging and clinical data in people with schizophrenia shows a relationship between individual variations in gene transcription, brain structure and cognitive performance.

Panicle architecture significantly determines rice grain yield. Here, the authors investigate the transcriptome of young panicles from 275 rice varieties and propose a method to identify causal genes for panicle traits and construct regulatory networks.

Intermetallic alloys (IMAs) hold significant potential for catalysis. Here, the authors present a robust gas-migration method for synthesizing stable and uniform IMAs, which exhibit exceptional stability over 1300 h in propane dehydrogenation.

Yu Shi et al. show that the citric acid cycle metabolite α-ketoglutarate promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development and promotes heart regeneration after myocardial infarction.

Optical nanoprobes with preferential tumour accumulation is often limited by inefficient amplification of biological signals. Here, the authors report a hydrophobic core-tunable nanoprobe orthogonally amplifying tumour microenvironmental signals and demonstrating clear delineation between malignant lesions and normal tissues on multiple tumour models.

Macrophages are considered a good candidate for cancer cytotherapy because of their phagocytotic capacity, enabling them to deliver cargo to tissues. Here authors engineer macrophages that are targeted to glypican-3-expressing tumour cells and equipped with drug-loaded exosomes and show therapeutic efficiency in a mouse model of hepatocellular cancer.

Colitis is a common human disorder but the clinical interventions are limited as the pathological mechanisms are not very clear. Here the authors find an elevated expression of non-muscle-myosin-II heavy chain Myh9 in a colitis mouse model, and show that Myh9 expression reduction or activity inhibition ameliorates epithelial injuries.

A study generates a clinicogenomics dataset resource, MSK-CHORD, that combines natural language processing-derived clinical annotations with patient medical data from various sources to improve models of cancer outcome.

Sakuranetin is an important phytoalexin. The authors find that sakuranetin in rice attenuates endocytosis of effectors from the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances resistance against rice blast.

CuCrP₂S₆ is a potential candidate for realizing low-dimensional multiferroicity. Here, authors report direct observation of robust out-of-plane ferroelectricity in the two-dimensional van der Waals layered CuCrP₂S₆ at room temperature down to 2.6 nm and study its origin from an atomic perspective. (299 in total)

Most of the thermoelectric nanocomposites have structure character of a hetero-composition and hetero-structure, or hetero-composition and homo-structure between matrix phase and dispersion phase. This work shows a quasi homo-composition and hetero-structure (hoC-heS) nanocomposite consisting of Pnma Bi₂SeS₂ - Pnnm Bi₂SeS₂ with high ZT.

Elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms behind the dynamic chirality inversion of supramolecular assemblies with pathway complexity is challenging. Here, the authors report metal coordination driven assembly systems based on pyridyl-conjugated cholesterol and show that metal ions facilitate pathway-directed, recyclable chirality inversion and assembly polymorphism.

Chen and colleagues, using a large multicenter prospective study, show the feasibility and survival benefits of annual screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals at high risk based on hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity.

The collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method images the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analysing the collective response of outgoing debris.

Zhao et al. report a role for glutamine synthetase in regulating cell proliferation that does not require the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

The SEED study is a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrating a beneficial effect on glycemic control of dorzagliatin, a glucokinase activator, in drug-naive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Controlling the stereoselectivity in free-radical-mediated reactions is challenging. Now, a metalloredox biocatalysis strategy is reported that uses engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes for the unnatural asymmetric radical cyclization of α-haloesters to arenes.