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A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

A methodology for describing local electronic transmission through bridging molecules between metallic electrodes is presented. Its application to simple alkane, phenyl and cross-conjugated systems highlights an unexpected number of cases whereby ‘through space’, rather than ‘through bond’ terms dominate and that interference effects coincide with the reversal of ring currents.

The force required to break a chemical bond is related both to the bond strength and the rate at which force is applied, however recent experiments on gold nanowires have challenged this view. Here, the authors perform breaking experiments on single gold-gold bonds and propose a solution to the apparent paradox.

Here, the authors explore the relation between age at menarche, parity and age at natural menopause with 249 metabolic traits in over 65,000 UK Biobank to explore whether reproductive factors are likely to impact females’ metabolic profile later in life.

α-synuclein is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Bousset et al. generate two α-synuclein polymorphs and find differences in aggregation, function and toxicity, suggesting that these altered properties may be the cause for differences in disease progression.

Social distancing policies aiming to reduce COVID-19 transmission have been reflected in reductions in human mobility. Here, the authors show that reduced mobility is correlated with decreased transmission, but that this relationship weakened over time as social distancing measures were relaxed.

In this Roadmap, Stellos and colleagues discuss the mechanisms of cardiovascular system ageing and how the ageing of blood, vessels and heart relates to the decline in organ function, and highlight potential therapeutic interventions, challenges in ageing research and future directions for preclinical and clinical studies.

A charge-integrating pixel-array detector called JUNGFRAU enables the collection of highly accurate X-ray crystallography data at synchrotron sources at unprecedented speeds.

A technique that combines X-ray ptychography with laminography can provide three-dimensional views of integrated circuits, yielding both images of entire chip volumes and high-resolution images of arbitrarily chosen subregions, and is applicable to any imaging problem where the samples are planar.

Evernimicin, an antibiotic of the orthosomycin class, inhibits bacterial translation by preventing ribosomes from polymerizing specific amino acid motifs, and controls the expression of resistance genes via such context-specific action.

Haematopoietic stem cells emerge from the haemogenic endothelium via an endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here, the authors show using single cell functional and transcriptional analyses that haemogenic endothelial cells begin to lose their endothelial potential while still located within the haemogenic endothelium.

Observations from the JWST of the second brightest GRB ever detected, GRB 230307A, indicate that it belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs resulting from compact object mergers, with the decay of lanthanides powering the longlasting optical and infrared emission.

A substantial proportion of patients with cardiometabolic conditions appear to have normal BMI. Conversely, not all obese individuals exhibit these disorders. Here, we show that a metabolic BMI score derived from lipidomic models, allows quantify metabolic dysregulation in obesity independently of BMI.

Early-time multi-frequency radio observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 221009A show the detailed evolution of a reverse shock formed within the jet that was launched as the result of a stellar explosion.

Trafficking G proteins between membranes is essential for their signaling activity. Structural and biochemical studies on the farnesylated G protein Rheb and the guanine nucleotide–dissociation inhibitor (GDI)-like PDEδ suggest an allosteric mechanism for Rheb release and identify a bona fide GDI-displacement factor (GDF).

The roles played by cytochromes and conductive filamentous appendages (pili) in the electrical conductivity of Geobacter bacterial biofilms are controversial. Here, Steidl et al. present evidence that both mechanisms cooperate in thin biofilms, while pili are important for conductivity across thicker biofilms.

Molecules have the potential to act as sharp energy filters for electrical currents and could thereby outperform other materials considered for thermoelectric energy conversion. Yet, there is a gap between theoretical predictions and practical implementations in molecular thermoelectricity, and this research roadmap may guide the transition from academic research to valuable technology.

Longitudinal genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 1,143 patients with multiple myeloma by the Relating Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma to Personal Assessment of Genetic Profile study yields an improved copy number and gene expression subtype scheme, most notably a high-risk proliferative subtype associated with complete loss of RB1 or MAX.

Birthweight has been found to associate with later-life health outcomes. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, identifying differentially methylated CpGs in neonatal blood that associate with birthweight.

Patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated colorectal cancer have encouraging overall response rates to inhibition of PD-1, BRAF and MEK, with translational analyses suggesting that induction of tumor-intrinsic programs and immune programs contributes to improved outcomes via MAPK inhibition.

Many published studies of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have analysed data from non-representative samples from populations. Here, using UK BioBank samples, Gibran Hemani and colleagues discuss the potential for such studies to suffer from collider bias, and provide suggestions for optimising study design to account for this.

DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants identify genetic variants associated with DNA methylation at 420,509 sites in blood, resulting in a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs.

Analysis of the spread of the 20E (EU1) variant of SARS-CoV-2 through Europe suggests that international travel and insufficient containment, rather than increased transmissibility, led to a resurgence of infections.

Highly insulating silicon-based molecules, engineered so that conduction is fully suppressed by σ quantum interference even for molecules less than a nanometre long, could prove useful in molecular-scale electronic circuitry.

Although epigenome-wide association studies of Alzheimer’s disease have highlighted neuropathology-associated DNA methylation differences, previous studies have been limited in sample size and brain region used. Here, the authors combine data from six DNA methylomic studies of Alzheimer’s disease (N = 1453 unique individuals) to identify differentially methylated loci across cortex.

A magnetoencephalography study reveals that tonal musical sequences recruit neural activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex, while atonal sequences activate auditory regions, suggesting the involvement of a cortico-subcortical brain network in auditory recognition.

MEG shows that the aging brain reshapes its functional organisation during musical sequence recognition, with increased sensory regions activity and reduced memory regions functionality, indicating novel neural compensatory mechanisms in aging.

Large partnerships between academia and industry are emerging as a possible solution to the problems surrounding stratified medicine. In this Perspectives article, the members of the RA-MAP Consortium reflect on the challenges and benefits of working in such a partnership.

A large-scale multi-cohort association study reveals strong and consistent impacts of birth order on DNA methylation events around the genome, potentially due to changes in placentation, nutrition, and growth factors between first and subsequent pregnancies.