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Though metamaterials enhance nonlinear light-matter interactions due to their resonant features, these materials typically show a narrow spectral bandwidth. Here, the authors report broadband enhanced second-harmonic generation in patterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterial arrays.

The authors reveal hyperbolic-to-hyperbolic transitions where two nearby Reststrahlen bands just touch each other. Such phenomena are prevalent in isostructural rare-earth oxyorthosilicates and unfolds vast opportunities for broadband on-chip light control.

The understanding of kagome bands, which are characterized by Dirac-like bands capped by a flat band, remains largely elusive. Here, Liu et al. report the observation of a flat band and Dirac bands as ideal features of kagome bands in CoSn, revealing orbital-selective character.

A high-quality genome assembly of Weining rye sheds new light on gene duplications and their effects on starch biosynthesis genes, gene expression features underlying early heading trait and putative domestication-associated chromosomal regions.

Here, the authors fabricate a metasurface with nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots that interact coherently with WS₂ excitons, achieving ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling.

The authors present a metasurface-assisted isotropic DIC microscopy technique. It is based on an original pattern of radial shear interferometry, that converts rectilinear shear into rotationally symmetric radial shear, enabling single-shot isotropic imaging capabilities.

Chiral mode converters are found in a wide range of practical applications in optics, but the previous proposals suffer from low efficiency and large device size. Here the authors propose a highly efficient and compact chiral mode converter based on encircling exceptional points along Hamiltonian parameter space boundary, relaxing the adiabaticity constraints.

SN2N, a Self-inspired Noise2Noise module, offers a versatile solution for volumetric time-lapse super-resolution imaging of live cells. SN2N uses self-supervised data generation and self-constrained learning for training with a single noisy frame.

Scanning near-field optical microscopy measurements show that polaritonic nanophotonics is attainable in natural low-symmetry materials, leading to a general way to manipulate light at the nanoscale.

Here, the authors propose a Fourier-based metaprocessor to impart customized highly flexible transfer functions for analog computing. Differentiation and cross-correlation are performed to substantiate the ultracompact and high-throughput kernel processor.

The possibility to manipulate the propagation of polaritons is limited by the isotropy of 2D materials like graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. Here, the authors exploit the anisotropy of α-MoO₃ and study edge tailored hyperbolic polariton manipulation in α-MoO₃ nanocavities via real space nanoimaging.

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons that exhibit long-distance, ray-like propagation and oblique wavefronts are described at the surface of an anisotropic bulk crystal.

A comprehensive map of genomic variation in melon derived from resequencing of 1,175 accessions sheds light on the population structure and domestication history of melon and agronomic traits for melon breeding.

The differentiation of Th17 cells is central to infection and autoimmunity. Here, the authors show that expression of MST1 by dendritic cells limits IL-6 production and thereby controls Th17 differentiation in immunity to fungal infection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

How the immune system responds to epithelial cancers beyond neoantigen-driven adaptive immunity is poorly understood. Kansler et al. reveal an innate immune surveillance response mediated by cytotoxic ILC1 sensing of cancer cell-expressed IL-15.

The batch reproducibility of polymer donor materials limits the performance of polymer solar cells. Here Wu et al. develop a polymer donor PM1 by random terpolymerization strategy with a high efficiency of 17.6% in the device and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility.

Super-resolution imaging based on autocorrelation with two-step deconvolution (SACD) enables recording super-resolution images with 128-nm spatial resolution over a field of view of 2.0 mm × 1.4 mm within a 10-min acquisition time.

Here, the authors employ the physics of chiral bound states in the continuum and suggest planar chiral metasurfaces with simultaneous ultrahigh quality factor and near-perfect circular dichroism in both linear regime and nonlinear regime.

The kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with high vitamin C content. Here, the authors report the draft genome sequence of a heterozygous kiwifruit and through comparative genomic analysis provide valuable insight into kiwifruit evolution.

Shear phenomena in the infrared dielectric response of a monoclinic crystal are shown to unveil a new polariton class termed hyperbolic shear polariton that can emerge in any low-symmetry monoclinic or triclinic system.

Understanding the mechanism of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments in HfO₂-based memristors is essential to solve the problem of scalability of the devices. Here, Zhang et al. visualize this process by tracking atomic-scale evolution of conductive filaments during resistive switching cycles.

The function of brainstem reticulotegmental nucleus (RtTg) and its related circuits are not fully understood. Here, the authors report a cochlear nucleus-RtTg-spinal motor neuron circuit that specifically mediates acoustic startle reflexes.

Lattice distortions induced by ripples in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide can reduce electron–phonon scattering, leading to improved charge carrier mobility and enhanced transistor performance.

Mulberry trees are the primary food source for silkworms, which are reared for the production of silk. In this study, He et al. present the draft genome sequence of Morus notabilisand find that it evolved significantly faster than other plants in the Rosales order.

Manipulation of Hh and other genes involved in neural development of the chordate amphioxus reveals conservation and differences in neural patterning mechanisms between vertebrates and amphioxus.

Analysis of high-quality genomes and transcriptomes of 13 closely related Oryza species coupled with proteomics finds about 50 de novo genes per million years.

Mitotic spindle assembly is required for proper cell division, but many underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that NuMa undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation, condensing on spindle poles during mitotic entry and enriching critical components to promote spindle assembly.

Phonon polaritons in anisotropic van der Waals materials enable subwavelength confinement and controllable flow of light at the nanoscale. Here, the authors exploit correlated perovskite oxide (SmNiO₃) substrates with tunable conductivity to obtain real-time modulation and nanoscale reconfiguration of hyperbolic polaritons in hBN and α-MoO₃ crystals.

Though metallic edge states in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide have been observed before, how these states contribute to charge transport remains unclear. Here, the authors quantify the edge state contribution to electrical transport in monolayer MoS₂/WSe₂ field-effect transistors, revealing a dominated non-linear edge transport at low temperature, indicating possible Luttinger liquid behavior.

Phenomena such as polariton canalization and hyperlensing can be found at the transition from hyperbolic to elliptical dispersion. Here, the authors investigate this transition using hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of polaritons in a grating of hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons.

Iron-pnictide superconductors share similar topological band structure with iron-chalcogenide superconductors, but no Majorana modes have been observed in the former. Here, the authors observe both the superconducting Dirac surface states and Majorana zero modes inside its vortex cores in CaKFe₄As₄.

The typical characters of the electronic structure of magnetic kagome materials remain elusive. Here, the authors observe a Dirac cone, a flat band and a saddle point near the Fermi energy in ferromagnetic kagome material YMn₆Sn₆.

The solution-phase irreversible synthesis of a two-dimensional polymer with excellent elastic modulus and yield strength is reported.

Flat optics enable light manipulation at the subwavelength scale and provide a compact, wave-based, information processing and acquisition platform. Here, Wang et al. focus on the emerging interdisciplinary field of computational flat optic imaging applications and reveal their intrinsic connections.