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A 10-Earth-mass planet is detected in the habitable zone of the solar-type star Kepler-725 using the transit timing variation technique. This study proposes a complementary pathway to probe low-mass exoplanets (including Earth-like planets) in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars.

Comparative genomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry reveal the biosynthetic gene clusters, and vast chemical diversity of natural products that they encode, in Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, bacteria that interact with hosts as symbionts and entomopathogens.

Charge transfer is facilitated in molecular systems through orbital coupling. Here the authors use core-hole-clock spectroscopy to show that electron transfer from an argon atom caged in a fullerene can be up to two orders of magnitude faster than for the isolated atom.

A machine-learning-potential framework achieves an optimal balance of accuracy and efficiency through monomeric decomposition. Systematic evaluations highlight its potential in large-scale simulations of complex molecular systems.

Polar ordering in materials enables fascinating properties; however, achieving beyond binary responses remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate control on the polar-to antipolar transition and multiple polarization states in BiFeO₃ thin films.

Xylem-mediated transport and light intensity on leaf surface primarily drive foliar methane oxidation and nitrous oxide emissions in Salix bebbiana plant, according to an analysis of an ecophysiological manipulation experiment with biochar incorporation and nitrogen addition.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors reveal the mechanism by which perampanel-like molecules inhibit AMPA receptors. They show that the inhibitors decouple the ligand-binding ___domain from the ion channel after neurotransmitter binding and outcompete positive modulators.

The medium-resolution transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b, described using observations from the Near Infrared Spectrograph G395H grating aboard JWST, shows significant absorption from CO₂ and H₂O and detection of SO₂.

Due to the limited wavelength coverage of measurements to date, some aspects of the composition of Pluto’s largest moon, Charon, remain unresolved. Here, the authors detect carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Charon’s northern hemisphere using JWST data.

A broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39b, a 1,200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, demonstrates JWST’s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.

The Chamaeleon I dense cloud was observed with JWST as part of the Early Release Science programme ‘IceAge’. Here the authors present the detection of dangling OH features at ~2.7 μm, providing a tracer of icy grain morphology.

Vicinity of small bodies might be dangerous to the spacecrafts and to their instrumentation. Here the authors show the operational environment of asteroid Bennu, validate its photometric phase function and demonstrate the accelerating rotational rate due to YORP effect using the data acquired during the approach phase of OSIRIS-REx mission.

Saturn’s moon Titan may have an active dust cycle in equatorial regions driven by storm winds, Cassini observations consistent with dust suspension in Titan’s atmosphere suggest.

Ruiz and colleagues introduce AlphaTensor-Quantum, a deep reinforcement learning method for optimizing quantum circuits. It outperforms existing methods and is capable of finding the best human-designed solutions for relevant quantum computations in a fully automated way.

In this study, the biodiversity impacts of the global food system from land use and climate change are estimated using the EXIOBASE model. The findings show that emissions from a single year’s food production are associated with global biodiversity loss equivalent to 2% or more of a region’s total land-driven biodiversity loss.

Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep nanometer scale but their incapability of arbitrary 3D nanofabrication poses a major limitation to the technique. Here, the authors demonstrate a manufacturing technique of functional 3d nanostructures at a resolution of sub-15 nm using voltage-regulated 3d EBL.

Catch bonds where lifetime increases with force applied can form when T cell receptors (TCR) interact with agonist peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes. Here the authors use a modelling and experimental approach to analyse 55 TCR–pMHC bond lifetime curves measured under force to further characterise the structural bases and functional relevance of catch bonds.

Observations of six transiting planets around the bright nearby star HD 110067 show that they follow a chain of resonant orbits, with three of the planets inferring the presence of large hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.

The spectroscopic and photometric observations of a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter, TIC 241249530 b, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.94, provide evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed by means of a high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway.

Transmission spectroscopy observations from the James Webb Space Telescope show the detection of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b.

The authors perform heating experiments using femtosecond X-ray free electron laser pulses to explore the phase stability of superionic H₂O. The absence of a face-centered cubic phase below 50 GPa, where superionic ice forms from the melt, is attributed to the short heating time and may help understanding the stability of superionic phases in ice-rich planets.

Despite the potential advantages of using polar aprotic solvents for biomass upgrading reactions, fundamental understanding of these solvation effects is limited at present. Here, the authors show that further increases in catalyst performance in polar aprotic solvents can be achieved through the addition of inorganic salts.

Multi-spacecraft observations of temperature, dust and water ice opacities, water vapour abundances, and thermospheric hydrogen in the atmosphere of Mars during a local dust storm show that even such regional events, much more frequent than global dust storms, can boost global atmospheric escape by a factor of five to ten.

The rate at which third-order olfactory neurons integrate synaptic inputs to spike threshold is thought to determine the speed of odor discrimination in Drosophila. Here, authors compare the impact of subthreshold optogenetic membrane potential manipulations on decision-making.

The COBRA toolbox provides quality-controlled reconstruction, modeling, topological analysis, and network visualization, as well as network integration of chemoinformatic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermochemical data.

Polymeric nanocarriers used for drug delivery are often coated by albumin in vivo influencing the therapeutic outcomes. Here, the authors engineer the surface chemistry of a nanocarrier to either stabilize or denature the structure of adsorbed albumin, resulting in evasion or clearance by macrophages.

Renally clearable gold quantum clusters that are stabilized by the milk metalloprotein alpha-lactalbumin and display multicolour fluorescence aid the detection, resection and treatment of breast cancer in mice.

Photoinduced electron transfer through, and between, pyrrole moieties is an important process both in the natural world and emerging technologies. Here, the authors use both experiment and theoretical calculation to investigate a previously undiscovered relaxation pathway arising in pyrrole dimers.

The antidiabetic action of metformin raises heptocyte intracellular AMP levels, causing allosteric inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and thus reductions in gluconeogenesis.