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Critical-sized bone defects are a clinical challenge, with long-term recovery often leading to delayed union or nonunion. Here, Zhang et al. report an engineered ossification center-like organoid which recruits Krt8+ skeletal stem cells and reduces Has1+ fibrotic cells, mimicking developmental bone formation for regeneration of critical-sized bone defects.

An artificial intelligence hardware approach that uses the adaptive reservoir computation of biological neural networks in a brain organoid can perform tasks such as speech recognition and nonlinear equation prediction.

Here, by analyzing 306481 microbial genomes from human-associated microbiomes, the authors reveal a largely unexplored biosynthetic landscape of ribosomal peptides (RiPPs), identifying protective peptides that obstruct pathogen biofilms and regulate gut microbiota in disease models, underscoring their significant therapeutic potential.

Transition from a spread panicle typical of ancestral wild rice to the compact panicle of present cultivars was a crucial event in rice domestication. Here the authors show that this panicle architecture is controlled by the transcription factor OsLG1 and that a mutation in its regulatory region led to the compact panicle phenotype.

Developing efficient catalysts for artificial photosynthesis brings promise but challenges for limited light absorption and sluggish H₂O oxidation. Here, the authors report an indium-organic framework heterostructure that facilitates the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into HCOOH and H₂O₂ under sunlight.

A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

The Oryza genus comprise two cultivated rice species and 20 extant wild species. Here the authors assemble genomes of 13 representative wild rice species, construct a super pangenome by integrating them with four previously reported genomes in the genus, and reveal the genome evolution and diversity within the genus.

Treating acute disease like anaphylaxis is challenging due to the inability to administer therapeutics in a timely manner and regulate pharmacokinetics precisely within a short time window. Here the authors develop active acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand acute disease management.

MCR-1-positive Escherichia coli carriage in humans across China is associated with anthropogenic factors, including meat consumption and aquatic food production.

Cryo-EM structures of the human pentameric glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase (GPIT) complex reveal its subunit assembly and its catalytic and GPI-binding sites.

Suture repair is the current clinical treatment for meniscus tears, but inaccessible tears in company with re-tears susceptibility remain unresolved. Here the authors address these issues by developing a meniscus adhesive-based strategy for the seamless and dense reconstruction of torn meniscus.

Na_V1.3 is involved in neuronal development, hormone secretion and pain perception. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular mechanism for modulation of Na_V1.3 by a site-2 neurotoxin bulleyaconitine A and a subtype selective antagonist ICA121431.

The fabrication of freestanding 3D lattice structures with beam diameters less than 100 nm is a considerable challenge. Here, the authors report quasi-BCC nanolattices of gold and copper, featuring beam diameters as low as 34 nm, that demonstrate an exceptionally high capacity for energy absorption.

Chuanqing Sun and colleagues show that the gene PROG1, encoding a zinc-finger protein, determines the erect growth habit in rice. Sequencing of 182 varieties of cultivated rice reveals an identical mutation in the PROG1 coding region, suggesting a common origin for erect growth during rice domestication.

Carbon materials are promising for perovskite solar cells but suffer from poor interfacial energy level alignment. Now, Zhang et al. show that Ti atomically dispersed in reduced graphene reduces energy losses improving device performance.

The SEED study is a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrating a beneficial effect on glycemic control of dorzagliatin, a glucokinase activator, in drug-naive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Emergence of tigecycline-resistance tet(X) genes is of concern. Here, the authors determine tet(X) prevalence in more than 6,000 clinical Gram-negative bacterial isolates collected between 1994 to 2019 in hospitals in China and suggest that Flavobacteriaceae could be the potential ancestral source of the tigecycline resistance genes.

Callus browning heavily affects indica rice transformation regeneration. Here, the authors show transposon insertion in the promoter of BOC1 gene, encoding a SIMILAR TO RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH ONE protein, can upregulate its expression and decrease callus browning in cultivated rice by releasing oxidative stress.

Auxin signalling requires the degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors which is mediated by their interaction with F-box proteins. Jing et al. show that in rice, OsIAA11 interaction with the F-box protein TIR1 is enhanced by cyclophilin-dependent cis/transisomerisation of the repressor.

Using a three-chamber vicarious social defeat stress model in mice, Qi et al. show that chronic emotional stress (CES) induced anxiety-like behavior and transient social interaction changes. Bidirectional modulation of NAc-VTA circuit mimics or reverses the CES-induced anxiety-like behavior.

Annotating functional elements of the genome helps the interpretation of genetic variation. Here, the authors compile functional genomics data for the pig genome over 14 tissues with 15 different chromatin states, integrate the data with WGS and GWAS data, and compare conservation of regulatory elements across mouse and human tissues.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Rice grain yield is a quantitative trait determined by multiple genes. Here, the authors find NOG1, which encodes an enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase in fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, can increase grain yield by enhancing grain number per panicle without affecting the other yield component traits.

Mechanism of lymph node (LN) metastasis induced by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) remains unclear. Here they demonstrate that a long noncoding RNA LNMAT1 promotes LN metastasis of bladder cancer via recruitment of TAMs through epigenetic regulation of CCL2 expression.

Plant architecture transition is one of the great consequences during rice domestication. Here, the authors find that chromosomal deletions linked to the previously known PROG1 gene also participate in plant architecture domestication in both Asian and African cultivated rice.

Magmatic and tectonic activity at mid-oceanic ridges can give detailed insights into high-temperature hydrothermal circulation of fluids. The authors here present geochemical and geophysical datasets that suggest a hydrothermal system penetrating the upper lithospheric mantle at an ultra-slow spreading mid-oceanic ridge.

Here, by performing multi-omics microbiome analyses in a cohort of children with new-onset T1D, the authors characterize altered microbial functional and metabolic traits involved in T1D, which they validate in animal experiments, together providing potential avenues for microbiome-based interventions.

Genomic analysis of 5,303 Chinese women with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) enables the identification and replication of two genome-wide significant loci contributing to risk of MDD on chromosome 10: one near the SIRT1 gene; the other in an intron of the LHPP gene.

High-quality crystalline two-dimensional layers of metal halides can be on mica, MoS₂ or WS₂ at temperatures below 400 °C.

Long Yu and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). They report that genetic variants in STAT4 and HLA-DQ genes confer risk of HBV-HCC.

Seed shattering is eliminated to facilitate harvest during African rice domestication, and the SH4 gene is known to play a role. New evidence now suggests that another gene, SH3, also regulates shattering during the domestication of African rice.

The reason why African cultivated rice has smaller grains than its wild progenitor has remained puzzling. Now, scientists find that the selection of a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation in the GL4 gene during African rice domestication causes loss of seed shattering and smaller seeds.