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A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Thin Li foils are desirable for high-energy Li battery applications. Here, Cui and team devise a fabrication route for ultrathin (less than 20 μm) Li foils that show promise for improving existing anodes including silicon, graphite and metallic Li.

Fast-charging is highly desired for lithium-ion batteries but is hindered by potential hazardous lithium plating and the associated parasitic reactions. Here, the authors report a nondestructive differential pressure sensing method for early detection and mitigation of lithium plating in fast-charging batteries.

When probing matter with x-rays, important information stored in the phase of the scattered radiation is lost. Here, the authors develop a phase retrieval method which allows accurate reconstruction of this phase from two-dimensional time- and energy-resolved spectra.

Therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases are limited. Here the authors design B7-H3 targeting CAR-T cells engineered to express the chemokine receptor CCR2b, and show improved accumulation in the brain and enhanced anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of lung cancer brain metastases.

Astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex are closely linked to depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that reduction of astrocytic pleiotrophin in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contributes to depression-like phenotype in male mice.

Lung and gastrointestinal diseases often occur together. Here, the authors present a multi-ancestry study showing the shared genetic architecture between lung and gastrointestinal diseases.

Operation of lithium batteries at high, non-uniform temperatures can lead to safety issues, but the effects of localized high temperatures are difficult to probe. Here the authors use micro-Raman spectroscopy to show that local-temperature hotspots can induce lithium metal growth and trigger circuit shorting.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

MatterGen is a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.

Determining the causal variants at GWAS loci is crucial for understanding genetic disease mechanisms. Here, the authors apply MPRA to perform non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) variant-to-function mapping at scale and propose distinct genetic architectures underlying NSCLC susceptibility.

HIMU-type seamounts may be subducted elsewhere beneath the Mariana arc, but obvious HIMU-type components appear only in the initial stages of arc rifting due to the low melting degree and being consumed during the process of back-arc spreading.

The conserved BAR ___domain protein FAM92A1 is known to induce membrane curvature. Here, the authors report the crystal structure of its BAR ___domain and perform an extensive characterization of the brain and behavior of FAM92A1 knockout mice.

Ovarian cancer is common among women and is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Here the authors identify two previously unknown genetic variants that increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women.

The pan-genome of 17 wheat cultivars grown in China is explored, providing insights into the breeding history of wheat in East Asia.

In the COMPASSION-04 trial, first-line treatment with a bispecific antibody targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 and chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma resulted in clinical responses with a manageable safety profile.

In this prespecified analysis of the ongoing TORCHLIGHT phase 3 trial, first-line treatment with toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer led to significantly longer progression-free survival in the PD-L1-positive population compared to nab-paclitaxel alone.

In this study, Zhu et al. report Nb457, an alpaca-derived nanobody with broad-spectrum anti-HIV1 activity and show that Nb457 induces conformational changes in CD4, blocking viral entry and completely inhibiting HIV-1 in its trimeric form.

Balance between growth and stress response is critical for plants to adapt to high salinity. This study shows that receptor-like kinase FERONIA takes advantage of phyB-mediated light signalling pathway to coordinate plant growth and salt tolerance.

Mammary epithelial cells act to continuously renew the mammary tissue and must balance differentiation and self-renewal. Here they show that Mcam, a non-canonical Wnt pathway member, regulates communication between macrophages and mammary epithelial cells, thereby maintaining self-renewal and subsequently promoting mammary ductal morphogenesis.

Harvesting biomechanical energy from cardiac motion is an attractive power source for implantable bioelectronic devices. Here, the authors report a battery-free, transcatheter, self-powered intracardiac pacemaker for the treatment of arrhythmia in large animal models.

Lv, Wang, Lin, Ye et al. report that mTORC2 phosphorylates cGAS to promote its chromatin localization and SWI/SNF recruitment to regulate target gene expression, thereby mediating plasticity and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.

The interfacing of Cu with nitrogen-doped nanodiamond enables the electrocatalytic production of C₂ oxygenates from CO₂ with promising stability.

A high-quality draft genome assembly of Musa balbisiana (the banana B-genome) is reported. Comparative genomic and gene functional analyses provide insights into the subgenome evolution and functional divergence between the A- and B-subgenomes.

Cryo-EM structures covering full-length yeast Smc5/6 in three states and the accompanying mutagenesis data reveal multiple new structural and functional features of this unique SMC complex.

Radiation dosimetry are critical for the medical management of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, authors show that the RNA m6A levels of Ncoa4, Ate1 and Fgf22 genes in peripheral blood cells could serve as dosimetry of IR exposure.

The development of higher frequency transformers and inductors requires soft magnetic materials with stable permeability up to GHz frequencies, however, such soft magnetic materials are current lacking. Here Bai et al demonstrate a soft magnetic composite featuring isolated magnetic vortices, which endow the material with a stable permeability over a GHz range of frequency.

In this paper, the authors report the directed-evolution of translation systems that allow the incorporation of unnatural amino acids with similar efficiency to natural amino acids and the construction of synthetic auxotroph in a generalizable way.

Li et al. show that the c-Myc-dependent splicing switch from ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C) to KHK-A activates phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1), resulting in enhanced de novo nucleic acid synthesis and hepatocellular carcinoma formation.

In a cluster-randomized trial performed in 48 residential elderly care facilities in China, use of a low-sodium salt substitute instead of regular salt decreased blood pressure and cardiovascular events, whereas an alternative strategy of restricting salt consumption was not successful and did not have these beneficial effects.

Orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs are crucial for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids in a site-specific manner. Here the authors use rational chimera design to create multiple efficient pairs that function in bacterial and mammalian systems for genetic code expansion.

Analyses of whole-genome sequencing data in children and validation in mouse models show that offspring born from blastocyst-stage embryo transfer have shorter leukocyte telomere lengths.

Transition metal chalcogenides are effective and economical electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media, yet active sites and catalytic mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors use operando spectroscopy to study the in-situ conversion of NiS to highly active Ni₃S₂/NiO dual-site catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Hongbing Shen, Dongxin Lin, Yongyong Shi and colleagues identify two new susceptibility loci for non-cardia gastric cancer. They also confirm three previously reported risk loci for this gastric cancer subtype.

Simultaneous profiling of multiple RNA modifications is a promising yet understudied field of research. Here, authors develop a transferable deep learning framework capable of detecting multiple types of RNA modifications in single nanopore sequencing sample.

The kinetochore-bound motor CENP-E plays a critical role in chromosome alignment. Here, the authors show that NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) dynamically localises to kinetochores, is SUMOylated during mitosis, and this modification is required for NKAP to bind CENP-E and localise CENP-E to the kinetochore.

Proper disposal of industrial brine remains a critical environmental challenge. Here, the authors devise a solar crystallizer and propose a salt crystallization inhibition strategy, which together provide a low-cost and sustainable solution for industrial brine disposal with zero liquid discharge.