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The authors propose a set of guidelines for far-UVC optical design, under which the multi-stimulated far-UVC luminescence at 222 nm in Pr³⁺ -doped SrF₂ is realized, offering unique opportunities for solar-blind imaging and structural health monitoring in complex environments.

Enhancing rejection of small, neutral organic contaminants by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is crucial for safe water supply. Here, authors report an amphiphilic nanowire-assisted monomer shuttling strategy that markedly improves the contaminant removal while simultaneously enhanced water permeance.

The efficacy of anticancer gene therapy varies by the delivery efficiency of the mRNA cargo as well as their injection method. Here this group reports using LNP-delivered mRNA encoding 3 C protease treated on three different types of solid tumor models showing effective tumor growth inhibition, with three different injection methods, respectively.

Understanding the genetic factors that regulate panicle architecture is important for improving rice yields. In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that the gene PTB1is critical for regulating panicle seed setting rate and pollen tube growth.

Pathological B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a key driver of mantle cell lymphoma tumorigenesis. Here, the authors discover that CEACAM1, an immunoglobulin-like transmembrane protein, is essential for a subset of mantle cell lymphoma through activation of the BCR.

Fluorescence bioimaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window facilitates in vivo diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but NIR-II fluorophores with large Stokes shifts are scarce. Here, the authors report an asymmetrical cyanine framework that exhibits NIR-II fluorescence and large Stokes shift (167–260 nm), enabling clear imaging of the fine bone structure of the mouse knee joint.

Targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein CD47 enhances long-term engraftment of human CD34⁺ cells in immunodeficient pigs lacking IL2RG and RAG2, enabling large-scale production of functional human immune cells.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

Nanocarriers can be used for accurate tumor targeting, but their limited water solubility impedes the stable storage and poses biosafety risks in clinical translation. Here, the authors report water-soluble carbon quantum dots that show stability toward long-term storage and the addition of electrolytes, as well as negligible protein adsorption, immunogenicity, hemolytic activity and toxicity.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) with Retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARG) fusions have similarities to Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) but are not responsive to standard APL treatments. Here, the authors show the specific molecular mechanisms lead by RARG fusions in AML driving leukemogenesis and as potential therapeutic targets.

The transcription factor Zeb1 is known to promote tumorigenesis and stemness in breast cancer. Here the authors show that tumor endothelial Jagged1 induces activation of Notch1 signaling and increases Zeb1 expression in neighboring breast cancer stem cells, promoting tumor aggressiveness.

The design of easily synthesized high molecular weight giant molecular acceptors is urgently needed. Here, the authors report a branch-connected dendritic hexamer acceptor that exhibits enhanced charge transport ability, achieving device efficiency of 19.4% for binary organic solar cells.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is driven by H3K27M oncohistones, but the exact related mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify an H3.3K27M oncohistone-driven CREB5/ID1 axis that promotes transcriptional changes and progression in DIPG, which could represent a potential therapeutic target.

This study explores N–heterocyclic carbene copper complexes toward selective electrocatalytic reduction of acetylene to ethylene. The electron–rich copper sites were found to facilitate acetylene adsorption and ethylene desorption and achieved high activity and selectivity for ethylene production.

Accurately predicting drug-target interactions and distinguishing the drug mechanisms are critical in drug discovery. The authors here propose a unified framework for predicting drug-target interactions, binding affinities and drug mechanisms.

In this work Qiu et al. demonstrate that the application of van der Waals technology to STM/STS will dramatically expand the capabilities of the latter, allowing STM/STS to investigate the structure, electronic properties and magnetism of 2D magnetic insulators at the atomic scale.

The prothoracic gland is the principal steroidogenic gland in Drosophila. Here Zhang et al. perform transcriptomic analysis and show that starvation prior to the nutrient restriction checkpoint alters mitochondrial homeostasis in the gland and blocks steroid hormone production.

Protein engineering is an active area of research in which machine learning has proven quite powerful. Here, the authors present a deep learning method that integrates both general and protein-specific sequence representations to improve the engineering of one’s protein of interest.

Release of the zero-COVID policy in China in late 2022 led to two large Omicron-driven waves of infection in 2023. Here, the authors analyze virus genomes and serology data from before and after the two waves and describe changes in virus lineage distribution and age-specific antibody responses.

Here, the authors evaluate the neutralization susceptibilities of BA.2.86 and JN.1 and determine the structural basis for binding to the ACE2 receptor and monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, revealing their evolution and antibody evasion mechanism.

3D covalent organic frameworks (COF) show interesting hierarchical arrangements of nanopores and open sites but their synthesis remains challenging. Here the authors report a fluorescent AIEgen-based 3D COF and demonstrate application as a coating material for white LEDs and for sensing of picric acid

The paralogous NLR proteins, Pit1 and Pit2, exhibit distinct functions in rice immunity, where Pit1 induces cell death on the plasma membrane and Pit2 inhibits this function by sequestering Pit1 to the cytosol.

The fusion of viruses with cellular membranes is an essential step in the life cycle of enveloped viruses. Here, the authors present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a prototype class III fusion protein GP64 in prefusion and early intermediate states, and show that the coordination between multiple histidine residues acts as a pH sensor and activator.

The treatment of hypertrophic scar (HS) is hindered by the low bioavailability of drugs and the pathological microenvironment. Here the authors report a separating microneedle drug delivery system responsive to high reactive oxygen species levels and overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases to remodel the pathological microenvironment for HS treatment.

Pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus can undergo bisexual and unisexual reproduction. Here, the authors construct a gene-deletion library for over 100 transcription factor genes in Cryptococcus deneoformans and provide insights into regulatory cascades that are specific for each reproductive mode.

Analysis of data from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study comprising mainly of trios and mother–infant pairs reveals novel East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits.

Patients treated for multiple myeloma often experience relapse due to antigen loss, thus necessitating the identification of additional therapeutic targets. In this study, the authors demonstrate that FcRH5 is expressed on MM cells and can be targeted using chimaeric antigen receptor T cells in mice.

In the summer of 2020, China experienced record rainfall and flooding. Here, the authors investigate the connection between the rainfall and the abrupt decrease in emissions due to Covid-19 and find that the emission decrease may have contributed to the rainfall.

This study reveals that the genomes of animal-adapted Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes differ from common human subtypes in the copy number of subtelomeric MEDLE genes, contributing to their infectivity in mice and facilitating the development of animal models for this species.

In aneuploid cancer cells with high ROS levels, a mitotic NADPH upsurge is required for error-free mitosis and tumour progression and therefore constitutes a cell cycle-dependent metabolic vulnerability.

An automated deep-learning pipeline for chest-X-ray-image standardization, lesion visualization and disease diagnosis can identify viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19, assess its severity, and discriminate it from other types of pneumonia.

Zuo et al. developed a highly bright and stable green fluorescent RNA for robust imaging of the dynamics of messenger RNA in living cells, enabling visualization of nonuniform and distinct distributions of different RNAs throughout stress granules.