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Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Unlike squalene, peplusol is only synthesized in a few species of the Euporbia genus and its biosynthetic pathway is unclear. Here, the authors report the discovery and characterization of two peplusol synthases and demonstrate the feasibility of the evolution of peplusol synthase from the ancient squalene synthase.

Ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion has been proposed to protect donor kidneys. Here, the authors show that red blood cell-based human kidney perfusion and associated hemolysis contribute to iron accumulation, ferroptosis, and kidney injury.

Suspended and bedload sediment export from glaciers responds to different hydrogeomorphic processes. Understanding both processes is key for evaluating glaciers’ impacts on landscape evolution and sediment export as the climate warms.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

When tested in a multiethnic cohort of ~2.5 million US veterans, the PREVENT equations, recently developed by the American Heart Association for sex-specific and race-free prediction of cardiovascular disease risk, were shown to accurately estimate this risk with some variability across race and ethnicity groups and to outperform the previously used pooled cohort equation risk score.

A CRISPR knock-in strategy that uses endogenous gene regulatory mechanisms can engineer ‘armoured’ CAR T cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines directly within a tumour without causing toxicity, leading to prolonged survival in mice.

Khan et al. show that Sec18 uses both D1 and D2 AAA+ rings cooperatively, opening them laterally for SNARE substrate loading and for subsequent release of SNAREs.

Lipoprotein uptake dependent on sulfated glycosaminoglycans linked to cell-surface proteoglycans is a key determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Analyzing readouts of inflammaging across four cohorts, Franck and colleagues identify strong variation and observe that inflammaging, in its known form, primarily emerges in industrialized—but not nonindustrialized—populations.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Many SARS-CoV-2 infections may go undetected through conventional PCR or lateral flow tests. Here, the authors analyse the utility of analysing longitudinal nucleocapsid antibody trajectories to improve identification of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections using surveillance data from the UK.

Efficient hydrogen production is a major societal challenge. Here the authors use operando neutron diffraction to quantitatively support the operating principle of a memory reactor that allows super-equilibrium operation of the water–gas shift reaction, which can also be used for steam methane reforming.

The MIRI spectrometer onboard JWST measured Pluto and Charon’s infrared emissions separately, uncovering surface properties and revealing that Pluto’s haze plays a key role in controlling the atmospheric temperature.

In human spinal ligament tissue exposed to high stress, fibrotic regions displaying elevated Rho-associated kinase signalling and an increased density of myofibroblasts expressing smooth muscle actin α contribute to degenerative spinal disease.

Extracting quantitative information on biomolecular oligomerisation with high resolution remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors propose SPINNA, a framework that compares nearest-neighbour distances from experimental single-protein position data with those obtained from simulations based on a model of protein oligomerisation.

Based on a proteogenomic analysis, Perreault and colleagues report that the majority of predicted tumor antigens originate from unmutated genomic sequences in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Here, the authors have mapped the antibody response of the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) gene therapy vector Zolgensma. AAV9 capsid variants were designed to escape this response while preserving manufacturing and biodistribution properties.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

The authors demonstrate a cavity enhancement of single artificial atoms at telecommunication wavelengths in silicon by coupling them to highly optimized photonic crystal cavities, showing intensity enhancement and highly pure single-photon emission.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

MicroRNAs regulate brain development and aging. Here, authors show that a spatio-temporal atlas of 15 mouse brain regions reveals sex- and region-specific microRNA patterns, including age-related microglial miR-155-5p increase targeting mTOR.

The Sanitation-related Quality of Life index (SanQoL-5) combines answers to five questions (disgust, privacy, disease, shame and safety) into a score ranging from 0 to 1. This study found good evidence for the validity and cross-cultural comparability of SanQoL-5.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection of human alveolar macrophages reveals a variably expressed gene network with inter-individual variability, guiding future studies to determine individual risk of M.tb infection and tuberculosis disease.

The bacterial Tad pilus extends and retracts using a single bifunctional ATPase CpaF. Here, the authors employ cryo-EM, fluorescent microscopy, and AlphaFold modelling to propose how a rotary mechanism of CpaF catalysis drives Tad pilus assembly.

Recent catastrophic weather events across the U.S.—and abroad—have brought the issue of electricity reliability and resilience to the forefront of energy and environmental policy discussions. This manuscript documents an approach to estimate the economic impacts of widespread, long duration (WLD) power interruptions.

Ceremonial feasting in Early Neolithic Asiab, western Iran, involved transport of animals over substantial distances to celebrate far-flung social networks, according to analysis of microscopic tooth growth patterns and geochemistry.

Belz and colleagues show that GFI1, a transcriptional repressor that recruits histone-modifying enzymes, is necessary for the generation and maintenance of stem cell memory CD8⁺ T cells.

Here the authors identify upstream open reading frames (uORFs), uORF1 and uORF2 in the Asian/American lineage and African uORF in the African lineage of Zika viruses, and show that uORF1 affects vimentin filaments and that the identified uORFs affect virus replication in neural cells.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

The ratio between the levels of two synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid predicts future cognitive resilience versus decline among presymptomatic individuals and individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease harboring amyloid and tau pathology.

A technique for the site-directed conjugation of antibodies via the small-protein ubiquitin allows for the efficient multivalent conjugation of antibodies and nanobodies to fusions of ubiquitin with molecular or proteinic moieties.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.