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Dysregulation of the natriuretic peptide system has been associated with several life-style related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial ischaemia, implying biological effects beyond pressure–volume homeostasis. In this Review, Zois et al. discuss the role of the various natriuretic peptides in the pathophysiology of these cardiometabolic conditions.

Neuropathy leads to sensory loss and increased risk of fall. Here, the authors design a wearable non-invasive neuroprosthesis that restores lost sensations and improves gait.

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is both, safe and effective in reducing systemic symptoms of venom allergy in individuals. Here the authors examine the underlying immune cell changes after venom specific AIT in early time points after therapy initiation showing indicative changes in specific immune cell populations.

Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins have been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes. Here, the authors identify missense variants in CHD3 that disturb its chromatin remodeling activities and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with macrocephaly and speech and language impairment.

The authors show that neuronal populations in the human prefrontal-motor network interact via two discernible communication modes – ramping dynamics and neural oscillations. These modes operate in concert to facilitate rule-guided behavior.

In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

The proliferation of molecular biology and bioinformatics tools necessary to generate huge quantities of immune receptor data has not been matched by frameworks that allow easy data analysis. The authors present immuneML, an open-source collaborative ecosystem for machine learning analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoires.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses identify 26 risk loci for epilepsy, including 19 loci specific to genetic generalized epilepsy. Prioritized candidate genes implicate synaptic processes and overlap with targets of antiseizure medications.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype DRB1*15:01 is the major risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS).  Here the authors find that DNA methylation at HLA-DRB1 gene mediates the effect of DRB1*15:01 and of a protective HLA variant on HLA-DRB1 expression and the risk of MS.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

Developmental disorders (DDs) are more prevalent in males, thought to be due to X-linked genetic variation. Here, the authors investigate the burden of X-linked coding variants in 11,044 DD patients, showing that this contributes to ~6% of both male and female cases and therefore does not solely explain male bias in DDs.

By integrating healthcare and exome-sequencing data from parent–offspring trios of patients with developmental disorders, 28 genes that had not previously been associated with developmental disorders were identified.

Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis in 26,699 people with seizures and 492,324 controls to identify 25 genome-wide significant copy-number variants. The discovered loci point to known disease genes and associations with clinical annotations.

Relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have an unexpectedly high incidence of schizophrenia. Here, the authors show a genetic link between the two conditions, suggesting shared neurobiological mechanisms.

Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.

BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 are two candidate mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 that elicit high virus-entry inhibition titres in mice, elicit high virus-neutralizing titres in rhesus macaques and protect macaques from SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are a severe group of epilepsies that usually begin in infancy or childhood. In this Primer, Scheffer and colleagues review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and quality of life of patients with this condition, and highlight areas for future research.

Whole-exome analysis of individuals with developmental disorders shows that de novo mutations can equally cause loss or altered protein function, but that most mutations causing altered protein function have not yet been described.

The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium is combining single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate relationships between human genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes and will provide an open resource to the community.

Epilepsies are common brain disorders and are classified based on clinical phenotyping, imaging and genetics. Here, the authors perform genome-wide association studies for 3 broad and 7 subtypes of epilepsy and identify 16 loci - 11 novel - that are further annotated by eQTL and partitioned heritability analyses.

Epilepsy is characterized by an enduring predisposition to epileptic seizures and is associated with high morbidity. This Primer by Devinsky and colleagues describes the mechanisms underlying epilepsy and seizure development, and discusses how this disorder is diagnosed and managed.

Geophysical and meteorological measurements by NASA’s InSight lander on Mars reveal a planet that is seismically active and provide information about the interior, surface and atmospheric workings of Mars.