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Unimolecular probes detectable via near-infrared fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and computed tomography allow real-time tracking and quantification of amyloid-β plaques with spatial localization in the living brain of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models and in beagles.

Azoxy products have rarely been synthesized using enzyme catalysts. Herein, the authors report that fungal unspecific peroxygenases are promising catalysts for synthesizing azoxy products from simple aniline starting materials.

The Chang’E-4 mission in January 2019 had the major challenge to land on the lunar far side without traditional radiometric techniques due to the missing line-of-sight. The authors here describe landing trajectory reconstruction and positioning techniques based upon the Moon’s digital terrain model that allowed reproducing the entire process of a successful landing.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UCAR) is associated with various clinical outcomes such as kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors report genome-wide meta-analysis in over 500,000 individuals and find 68 UACR loci, followed by statistical fine-mapping, gene prioritization and experimental validation in flies.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Fur farming represents an important hub of cross-species transmission for viral zoonoses.

Predicting the drug response of patients with cancer is crucial for implementing targeted therapy. Here, Su et al. make patient-derived cell lines and perform targeted sequencing and RNA-seq to identify CDKN2A/2B loss as a predictor of response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, the authors perform a sex-stratified, cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits, with results including identification of four novel loci associated with the CKD-defining trait eGFR.

While strain engineering via support modification is a powerful strategy to tune catalytic properties, it is complex to control for immobilized molecular complexes. Now the curvature of carbon nanotubes is leveraged to induce strain to metal phthalocyanine complexes and boost their electrocatalytic activity

There has been a drastic increase in detection of lung nodules, many of which are precancers, preinvasive, minimally invasive or sometimes invasive lung cancers. Here, Hu et al. perform multi-region exome sequencing to discern the evolutional trajectory from precancers to invasive lung cancers.

RNA methylation has recently identified as an important regulatory mechanism governing functional cellular states, but its effect on the antitumour activity of CD8 ⁺ T cells is not fully explored. Here authors assign an essential nuclear, m⁶A-recognition-dependent function to YTHDF2, which, in conjunction with its regulatory role in IKZF1/3-mediated gene transcription, governs anti-tumor activity in CD8 ⁺ T cells.

m⁶A-SAC-seq uses chemical labeling to quantify m⁶A at single-base resolution in the mammalian transcriptome.

The evolution of immune landscape in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is largely unknown. Here the authors use a cohort of resected invasive lung ADC and its precursors and show a gradual increase of immunosuppression and decrease of anti-tumor response associated with specific genomic and epigenetic features.

It is known that invasive lung adenocarcinomas evolve from pre-cancerous dysplastic lesions. In this study, the authors show that evolution of pre-cancerous lesions is accompanied by DNA methylation alterations, and that global hypomethylation correlates with immune infiltration, mutational burden and copy number alterations.

Su et al. report that while METTL16 acts as an m⁶A writer in the nucleus, it exerts an m⁶A-independent function in the cytosol, where it facilitates translation through direct interactions with ribosomal RNAs and eukaryotic initiation factors 3a and -b.

Dong et al. demonstrate that targeting arginine N-methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9) inhibits cancer stem cells in the context of acute myeloid leukemia via type I interferon-associated immunity. Furthermore, they show that PRMT9 inhibition synergizes with anti-programmed cell death protein 1.

Genome-wide association analyses across individuals of East Asian and European ancestries identify new risk loci for inflammatory bowel diseases. A polygenic risk score derived from the combined datasets shows improved prediction accuracy.

Selective electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) in strong acids remains challenging due to competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. Now it is reported that peripheral functionalization of immobilized molecular complexes with quaternary ammonium groups can regulate the mass distribution surrounding the active sites, enabling selective CO₂RR in strong acids.

METTL3-dependent RNA N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) deposition can lead to DNA demethylation. The m⁶A reader FXR1 recruits DNA 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 to chromatin, which is linked to chromatin accessibility and gene transcription.

Laboratory analysis of returned Chang’E-5 samples from the lunar surface show their hydroxyl contents to be on the weak end of lunar hydration features.

The Zhurong rover has explored its landing site in Utopia Planitia, Mars, and is travelling south towards the highland–lowland boundary, focusing initially on the composition and physical properties of the rocks along the way.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with high risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, the authors develop a comprehensive risk score that combines risk effects of EBV and human genetics for NPC risk stratification.

Low power output and poor sensing ability are bottlenecks for the practical application of fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The authors develop a shape adaptable and highly resilient 3D braided TENG, which is endowed with enhanced power output and improved pressure sensitivity.

At puberty, hormones stimulate mammalian oocytes to resume meiosis, which is linked to dynamic epigenetic changes, but what controls such changes are unknown. Here, Kim et al. identify LSD1, a lysine demethylase, as regulating histone methylation at meiotic progression and also female fertility.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the transformation of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) from chronic phase (CP) to blast crisis (BC) are not completely elucidated. Here, the authors show that acquired miR-142 deficiency drives CML BC by regulating mitochondrial metabolism and is a potential therapeutic target to prevent BC in CML murine models.

The effects of Schwann cells on the neuro-stroma niche in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain to be explored. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis of PDAC tissues reveal that Schwann cells induce malignant subtypes of tumour cells and cancer associated fibroblasts.

Design of artificial photosynthetic systems that mimic the complex supramolecular structures in natural systems remains a grand challenge. Here self-assembled nanomicelles containing Zn porphyrins and Co porphyrins as photosensitizer and catalyst achieve selective photocatalytic CO₂-to-CH₄ conversion in water.

Shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with age and increased risk for various chronic diseases. Here, the authors report genome-wide association studies for LTL in Singaporean Chinese populations and find that longer LTL associates with less severe outcomes of respiratory disease phenotypes.

Acute graft versus host disease is a rare but deadly complication following liver transplantation. Author show here, upon screening a large cohort of liver transplanted patients and detailed immune phenotyping of samples from the 7 affected individuals and appropriate controls, that human T cell lymphotropic virus type I infection of donor immune cells appear to correlate with the occurrence of acute graft versus host disease.

Observation of a new resonance in the 19-fluorine to 20-neon thermonuclear reaction at the China JinPing Underground Laboratory (over 2 km below ground) may provide clues to observed discrepancies in calcium production in the evolution of the first stars.

Osteosarcomas are difficult to treat and have a limited response to immunotherapy. Here, the authors analyse osteosarcomas at the single-cell level, and identify both the transdifferentiation of malignant cells and an array of immune cells that could have implications for metastasis and immunotherapy.

Whole-genome sequencing and association analysis of 270 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) isolates from China identify two non-synonymous EBV variants within BALF2 that are strongly associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

John Chambers, Jaspal Kooner, Pim van der Harst, Shyong Tai, Paul Elliott, Jiang He, Norihiro Kato and colleagues performed a genome-wide association study of blood pressure phenotypes in individuals of European, East Asian and South Asian ancestry. They find trait-associated SNPs at 12 loci, some of which are associated with methylation at nearby CpG sites.

Cutaneous squamous cell of the skin is a common neoplasm that frequently arises from precancerous actinic keratoses. Here, the authors carry out genomic analysis on matched sets of human lesions and compare with those in ultraviolet treated mice and identify conserved drivers of tumour development.

Gene expression is regulated by enhancers and super-enhancers, which can be identified by chromatin profiling. Here, the authors surveyed gastric cancer samples and cell lines to identify enhancer elements exhibiting somatic alterations.

The use of protein microarrays containing human methyllysine effector molecules enabled discovery of a potent and selective inhibitor of the interaction of the Tudor-___domain-containing protein Spindlin1 with H3K4me3.

Sexual dimorphism in genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome is linked to differential protein abundance from alleles of complement component 4.