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Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables biological findings within tissue context, but analyzing increasingly large ST data remains challenging. Here, authors introduce HERGAST, a system that can identify fine-scale spatial structures and amplifies gene expression signals in ultra-large-scale ST data.

Spatial multiomics methods have deepened our understanding of cellular niches within the tumour microenvironment, but deriving clinical insights remains challenging. Here, the authors develop stClinic, a dynamic graph model that integrates spatial multi-slice multiomics data with phenotype data to reveal clinically relevant cell niches in cancer.

Due to the underlying structural disorder, identifying the defects responsible for plasticity and mechanical failure in three-dimensional disordered solids remains a long-standing challenge. In this work, the authors combine topological and geometrical analysis to identify and characterize topological defects in 3D glasses, revealing key differences from analogous results in idealized two-dimensional systems.

A direct search for effective electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and xenon nuclei that produce a recoil of the latter is carried out and the first constraint on charge radius of dark matter is derived.

Yang et al. developed a new method, BEPH, a foundation model trained on TCGA WSI images. BEPH improves cancer recognition, classification, and survival prediction across subtypes, potentially reducing reliance on expert annotations.

The early identification of metabolic disorders could improve or prevent overt disease. Here the authors show that the circulating concentration of hyocholic acid (HCA) species is decreased in the context of obesity and diabetes and increased after gastric bypass surgery in humans, and further that serum HCA species are predictive of metabolic outcomes in healthy individuals.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, the authors show that HBV promotes HCC formation only in response to environmental carcinogens, involving increased IL-33 signaling and regulatory T cells.

A new deep learning-based global medium-range weather forecasting model outperforms existing machine learning models and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model, producing accurate global weather forecasts beyond ten days.

Duan et al. introduce an optimal transport approach to generate transition states, surpassing diffusion models in precision and speed. This method can facilitate the study of chemical reactions with unknown mechanisms.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

By introducing an unconventional spin–orbit torque, the authors demonstrate an all-electrical way to bidirectionally switch the perpendicular chiral antiferromagnetic order in Mn₃Sn, promoting the application of antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is a powerful single-cell resolution platform for targeted spatial proteomics, but it can be constrained by imaging noise and resolution. Here, the authors propose SpiDe-Sr, a super-resolution network embedded with a denoising module for IMC spatial resolution enhancement.

Frustrated magnetic materials attract significant interest because their properties can become dominated by quantum fluctuations. Here the authors show that excitations in the plateau phase of a quantum magnet can be understood semiclassically even though the ground state involves strong quantum effects.

The orientation of elongated cells often rotates once around the center in tissue. Such structures are called +1 topological defects and play some roles in biological development. By inducing various types of +1 defects in cell layers, the authors found previously overlooked active forces, as the cells gathered at the core of all types of +1 defects.

Exercise and diet interventions are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors report that in randomized, controlled trial in patients with NAFLD exercise and diet intervention were associated with diversified gut microbiome keystone taxa. Exploratory analysis suggests gut microbial network may be used to predict the individual liver fat response to exercise intervention, if validated in future studies.

Dissolved inorganic carbon can be a limiting factor for organic nitrogen production in rivers, and so bedrock composition may influence river chemistry, according to geochemical analysis of rivers in Asia and statistical analysis of global datasets.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

The fast evaluation of global minimum adsorption energy (GMAE) is crucial for catalyst screening. Here, authors designed a multi-modal transformer called AdsMT to rapidly predict the GMAE without site binding information

The sensitivity of Li-ion battery materials to moisture complicates their synthesis, storage, processing and recycling. Here, authors show that protonation causes structural instability in LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂ (0 <x,y < 1) and that controlled H⁺ and Li⁺ concentration in aqueous processing is critical.

Cancer patients suffer from dysgeusia. Here, the authors propose a gustatory interface for operative assessment and taste decoding, offering potential to improve the quality of life of individuals suffering from tongue cancer.

Targeted multielement substitution of a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric perovskite distorts the lattice structure and induces strong polar disorder, leading to high-polar-entropy ferroelectric oxides with a high electrocaloric effect and long lifetime.

Single-atom catalysts represent a promising materials class for efficient catalytic transformations. Here, authors prepare a high surface distribution density of iridium atoms on nickel-iron sulfide nanosheet arrays to deliver high water oxidation activity and stability.

Understanding archaeal metabolic gene regulation is technically challenging due to the difficulty of measuring gene expression dynamics in individual archaeal cells. Here, Dong et al. develop a method to quantify the transcriptional dynamics of multiple metabolic genes in single cells of a methanogenic archaeon.

Recently exceptional plasticity has been discovered in defective Bi₂Te₃ crystal. Here, the authors further investigate the plasticity of other Bi₂Te₃-family compounds and then determine the composition range with good plasticity, high power factor and figure-of-merit.

Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a limitation to their use in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, the authors show that targeting the ubiquitin peptidase USP47 overcomes TKI resistance and eliminates leukaemia stem/progenitor cells in primary and xenograft CML murine models.

Rapid and stable bubble capture is crucial for gas collection and impurity removal in aquatic systems, yet the role of microtextures in initiating this process remains underexplored. The authors demonstrate that rising bubbles deform the entrapped gas layer on nano/microstructured surfaces, enabling ultrafast and stable capture via liquid film rupture and three-phase contact line hysteresis.

The black phase formamidinium lead iodide perovskite (α-FAPbI3) undergoes an undesired transformation to a non-perovskite δ-phase, rendering it inactive. Here authors show the significant role of inherent iodine defects in accelerating phase transition kinetics and exacerbating α-FAPbI3 instability.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The authors report two anomalies in the specific heat of (Ba,K)Fe₂As₂, providing thermodynamic confirmation of the separation of superconducting T_c and the onset of time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB). Further, they argue that the TRSB is associated with a four-fermion condensate induced by phase fluctuations.

Vessel elements arise from cambium stem cells and support plant growth by supplying water and nutrients. This study reveals that strigolactone signalling inhibits vessel formation in response to drought, affecting transpiration and drought resistance.

Antibiotic residues in soil pose health risks to farm workers. This study quantifies soil antibiotic exposure risk (SABER) using global data on soil concentrations, farm employment and working hours. The highest SABER occurs in East Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, with 1,000 ha farms reducing exposure effectively while sustaining rural employment.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

High-entropy systems can present a range of striking physical properties, but mainly involve metal alloys. Here, using low-energy proton irradiation, a high-entropy superparaelectric phase is generated in a relaxor ferroelectric composition, increasing polarizability and enabling a capacitive energy density of 45.7 J cm^–3.

Targeting damage to mitochondria has become an effective strategy antitumor therapies. Here, the authors report on nanoagents with upconversion nanoparticles as cores and photoacid-loaded MOFs as shells for NIR triggered Fenton reaction, acidification and calcium overload to provide synergistic mitochondrial damage.