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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Extending the endurance of mushroom-type phase change memory remains challenging. Here, the authors design a nano-confined cell with an embedded heater, achieving a 1000 × improvement and attributing failure to carbon-induced collapse of the switching volume.

An implantable hydrogel-based phononic crystal that deforms with the surrounding tissues modifying the ultrasonic bandgap allows continuous and wireless monitoring of internal tissue strains.

Current data on the national distribution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is lacking. Here, the authors show the national distribution, associated multi-level factors, and visual impairment of DR and vision-threatening DR in Chinese adults with diabetes.

Recovery from ischemic stroke involves dynamic interactions between immune cells and the brain. Here, the authors show that microglia reduction promotes long-term stroke recovery in mice by expanding reparative macrophages, enhancing vascular repair and white matter integrity.

A genome-wide study based on three-dimensional facial images identifies new loci associated with facial morphology in East Asian populations. Comparison with data from European populations identifies variants related to facial shape differences between these populations.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer is promising, but delivery optimization is desirable. Here the authors generate cancer-targeting liposomes with anti-PD-L1 and doxorubicin for protease-mediated intratumoral release of both components, and see effective tumor control in mouse models, thereby hinting potential clinical translation.

Here, Li et al. report a two-component system, GrpP/GrpQ, which promotes UPEC pathogenicity. Mechanistically, GrpP/GrpQ directly activates type 1 fimbria expression to promote UPEC invasion in response to D-serine in the host urine.

In this study, Chen and colleagues present genomic sequences of 102 SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected in Beijing. They look closely at genomic variation between isolates that arose as a result of domestic and global transmission. Their data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 genomes have a high mutational tolerance, which may have potential implications for the development of vaccines.

Huluwa functions as the dorsal determinant during body axis formation in vertebrates, but how it is regulated remains unclear. Here they identify a phosphorylation switch in the conserved PPNSP motif of Huluwa required for axis induction, which is targeted by multiple kinases.

The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks with a multiple-dynamic-bonds strategy realizes selective extraction of uranyl tricarbonate anions from ultra-low concentrations and multiple interfering ions.

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

Patient-derived glioma cell (PDGC) cultures have been poorly characterized on a molecular level. Here, the authors analyze 50 PDGC lines from glioblastoma patients using multi-omics and drug screening; find molecular subtypes that are associated with drug response and prognosis, as well as a MYC/MYCN-amplification associated with serum-free culture.

Zhang et al. perform single-cell RNA and B-cell receptor sequencing to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells at diagnosis, residual and relapse stages, uncovering the hypoxia pathway as a potential target for residual leukaemia cells.

Precise control of water oxidation activity calls for the mastery of surface reconstruction of electrocatalysts. Here, the authors identify the structural origin of surface reconstruction on spinel oxides and report a criterion to evaluate the reconstruction degree, which enable the design of spinel pre-catalyst with controlled reconstruction ability.

Enveloped viruses encased within a lipid bilayer membrane are highly contagious and cause diseases like influenza and COVID-19, so strategies for their prevention and inactivation are needed. Here, the authors develop a diatomic iron nanozyme with lipoxidase-like activity for the inactivation of enveloped viruses, where the diatomic iron sites destroy the viral envelope via lipid peroxidation.

Materials with higher-order multistates are desired for non-Boolean high-density storage. Here the authors realized sextuple intrinsic polarization states in vdW CuInP₂S₆, and reversible transformation among sextuple-, quadruple-, and double-polarization orders.

DNA methylation data of whole blood from Han Chinese individuals are used to map mQTLs, finding that cis- and trans-mQTLs show distinct patterns of East Asians (EA) ancestry-specific colocalization with complex trait variation.

Cell type epigenetic and topographic information of primate brain is lacking. Here, authors identified transcriptional regulatory network, gradient expression pattern and disease vulnerability at cell type level in PFC, M1 and V1 of monkey brain by snRNAseq, snATAC-seq and Stereo-seq.

The ratio of tumour area to metastatic lymph node area (T/MLN) is a clinical indicator that can improve prognosis prediction of gastric cancer. Here, the authors use machine learning on whole slide images to generate a method that can predict metastatic lymph nodes and obtain T/MLN.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a fatal primary liver cancer with a known genetic component. Here the authors sequence the exomes of matched tumour and normal tissue from 103 ICC patients in China, and identify an ICC mutational profile associated with liver inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Researchers demonstrate a size-dependent lanthanide energy transfer effect in upconversion nanoparticles with depleted surface quenching, resulting in upconversion quantum yields of 13.0 ± 1.3%.

Funding support for chemical biology is essential for its growth around the world. A new funding initiative from the National Natural Science Foundation of China provides a model of a targeted funding program in the area of signal transduction.

The role of disorder in the formation of charge density waves (CDWs) remains elusive in typical CDW materials. Here, the authors report coexisting diffraction signals and anomalous slow dynamics of charge domains near the CDW transition temperature in ZrTe\({}_{3}\), suggesting as fingerprints of pristine and disorder-perturbed CDWs.

For the object recognition in lightless environments, the authors propose the olfactory-tactile machine learning approach, inspired by the star-nose mole’s neural system. They show how bionic flexible sensor arrays allow for real-time acquisition of object’s form and odor when touching it.

Designing atomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors report a Pt2/mpg-C3N4 catalyst showing enhanced catalytic performance toward the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation

Here the authors show the identity of CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP) thymocytes changes upon loss of chromatin organizer Satb1, which controls the expression of cell identity genes by regulating super-enhancers via 3D genome architecture.

Hessian flies are wheat parasites that seize control of the metabolic pathways of their hosts. Liu et al. identify the wheat gene, which encodes a small heat-shock protein, as a major susceptibility gene for infestation by the Hessian fly.

Spinel oxides have attracted interest as water oxidation catalysts due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Now, the covalency competition between tetrahedral and octahedral sites is shown to dominate the OER activity on spinel oxides, and the design principle is used to predict and confirm the superior activity of [Mn]T[Al_0.5Mn_1.5]_OO₄.