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Tecovirimat forces dimerization of the poxvirus phospholipase F13 blocking virus spread. Clinical monkeypox virus strains resistant to tecovirimat show mutations in the F13 dimer interface.

Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of the EMT inducer ZEB1 reveals its pivotal role in intracellular cytokine trafficking, boosting cytotoxic T cell abundance and immune responses, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastatic colonization in mice.

Sexual forms of malaria parasites are responsible for transmission to the mosquito. Anti-malarial drug resistance remains a serious problem and requires advent of new drug therapies. Here, the authors present a high-throughput screen of potential antimalarial compounds, identifying seventeen drug-like molecules specifically targeting transmission.

The interaction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) results in recruitment of proteinacious adapter molecules to the cell membrane. Here Hering and colleagues show that sphinganine recruits adaptor protein MyD88 to TLR4 in the macrophage membrane and the absence of sphinganine in murine models disrupts TLR4 driven inflammation.

Here, using cryo-EM and biochemistry, the authors delineate how the XPD helicase unorthodoxly uses its Arch ___domain to separate double-stranded DNA upon approaching a DNA lesion, promoting our understanding of NER bubble formation and damage verification.

After myocardial infarction, dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes secrete the protein Reg3β, thereby recruiting macrophages required for neutrophil clearance and myocardial healing.

The single-cell gene expression changes during spinal cord formation and neurogenesis in mice are unclear. Here, the authors use a HES5 reporter to live image, then mathematically model, oscillations in single cells in presumed progenitors and neurons of the developing spinal cord.

Creating precise morphogen gradients for tissue engineering is challenging. Here the authors present mechanically tunable DNA hydrogel-based microbeads for light-controlled morphogen release in retinal organoids for better tissue mimicry.

The cytoskeleton is vital for living organisms. Now an artificial cytoskeleton within amylose-based coacervates stabilized by a terpolymer membrane has been developed using polydiacetylene fibrils to mimic natural cytoskeletal functions. The integration of this artificial cytoskeleton marks an important step in creating artificial cell platforms with enhanced life-like behaviour.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with myofibroblast activation in the lungs and metabolic alterations. Here, the authors show that the antidiabetic drug metformin has antifibrotic effects in human-derived samples and mouse models, by modulating a number of metabolic pathways to induce lipogenic transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts.

Here, Roxhed et al. develop a multiplexed approach to screen IgG and IgM levels against several SARS-CoV-2 proteins in home-sampled dried blood spots and estimate seroprevalence of 12.5% in Stockholm in spring of 2020.

Mutations in the serine/threonine kinase ataxia teleangiectasia mutated (ATM) have been linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cohorts. Here Russellet al. show that loss of ATM induces a greater number of proliferative precursor lesions in a mouse model, recapitulating many features of human PDAC subtypes.

He et al. found that locally adapted maize varieties exert patterns of genetic control on their root and rhizosphere microbiomes that follow variation in their home environments, consistent with a role in tolerance to prevailing stress.

A high-throughput screen using a mass-spectrometry-based assay results in the identification of LRE1 as an inhibitor of HCO₃⁻/Ca²⁺-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase activity. LRE1 interacts with the HCO₃⁻ binding site (BBS) to block cAMP formation.

Health care workers (HCW) are a high-risk population for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, the authors determine seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs of a large Spanish reference hospital and find a cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (presence of antibodies or past or current positive rRT-PCR) of 11%.

Sorting RT-FDC combines real-time fluorescence and deformability cytometry with sorting based on standing surface acoustic waves to transfer molecular specificity to label-free, image-based cell sorting using an efficient deep neural network.

Results of an exploratory interim analysis from a phase I trial show that an RNA vaccine targeted towards four melanoma-associated antigens produces durable objective responses in patients with melanoma that are accompanied by strong CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell immunity.

GABA_B receptors are the most abundant inhibitory G protein–coupled receptors in the mammalian brain. Using high-resolution proteomics, the authors show that native GABA_B receptors are macromolecular complexes with previously unknown complexity in subunit composition. This molecular diversity in structure and assembly encodes the diversity of GABA_B physiology in the CNS.

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates a number of bacterial processes, including synthesis of cellulose during biofilm formation. The PilZ ___domain from bacterial cellulose synthase BcsA–BcsB senses c-di-GMP and activates the enzyme. Now crystal structures of BcsA–BcsB along with functional analysis reveal that binding of c-di-GMP releases a conserved gating loop to allow substrate to enter the active site.

Overabundance of apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) is associated with atherosclerosis. Speer and colleagues demonstrate that ApoC3 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome via a non-canonical pathway contributing to inflammation and development of atherosclerosis.

Krönke and colleagues show that the cytokine IL-23 controls the glycosylation profile and inflammatory activity of autoantibodies through control of sialyltransferase activity in plasma cells mediated by the T_H17 subset of helper T cells.

The role of TRPV1 in the CNS is not fully understood. Here the authors show that TRPV1 is expressed specifically in somatostatin-positive OLM interneurons of the hippocampus, where it promotes excitatory innervation of these cells.

A new ultraluminous X-ray source has been discovered in M 31, whose variability and associated bright, compact radio emission identify it as a stellar-mass black hole accreting close to the Eddington limit.

The intestinal microbiota signals through epithelial cells to activate calcineurin and NFAT, driving proliferation of cancer stem cells and the development of colorectal cancer.

The authors report the first-in-human application of personalized neo-antigen RNA vaccines in patients with melanoma.

Fredolini et al. present a proteomics analysis of home-sampled dried blood spots taken from the general population in Stockholm during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides insights into the molecular effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-hospitalized individuals and demonstrates the compatibility of self-sampled blood spots with proteomics.

The detection of a metal-polluted G star in a binary system with an invisible X-ray source offset from the centre of a supernova remnant leads to the suggestion that this was the progenitor pair behind a core-collapse supernova in RCW 86.

Idealized synchrotron emission, incorporating time-dependent electron cooling, can fit ~95% of all time-resolved spectra of single-peaked gamma-ray bursts. The presented analysis probes the microphysical processes operating within these ultra-relativistic outflows.

Observations of γ-ray emission from the microquasar V404 Cygni during a recent period of strong flaring activity show spectral features at around 511 kiloelectronvolts, which are clear signatures of variable positron annihilation, implying a high rate of positron production.

A new class of ultra-long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) has recently been suggested, with durations in excess of 10,000 seconds, and now a supernova (SN 2011kl) has been found to be associated with the ultra-long-duration GRB 111209A, allowing a physical understanding of the nature of ultra-long-duration GRBs.

Graphical abstract for Quantitative phase imaging through an ultra-thin lensless fiber endoscope.