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Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

This genetic study utilizing the newest available GWAS summary statistics provides evidence on the relationship between cannabis use, cannabis use disorder and a range of psychiatric disorders.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores

Gray et al. find that the genetic overlap between alcohol use disorder and body mass index consists of variants with mixed directions of effect and implicates brain regions involved in executive functioning, reward and food intake regulation.

Using a sample of more than 1 million individuals, Hatoum et al. identify genomic loci associated with general and substance-specific addiction risk.

In this study, the authors use a combination of genetic methodologies to investigate the genetic associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cannabis use disorder and cannabis use.

Genome-wide association analyses of post-traumatic stress disorder and its symptom subdomains in individuals of European and African ancestry provide insights into its relationship with anxiety and depressive disorders and identify potential candidates for drug repositioning.

Using genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses on dimensions of personality from large existing datasets, Gupta et al. find novel genomic loci that refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses identify risk loci for cannabis use disorder. Genomic structural equation modeling and genetic correlation analyses show overlap with several other traits, including impulsivity and psychopathology.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem. Here, the authors report a GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium in which they identify two risk loci in European ancestry and one locus in African ancestry individuals and find that PTSD is genetically correlated with several other psychiatric traits.

Here, the authors investigate the genetic basis of short ( ≤ 5 h) and long ( ≥ 10 h) sleep duration, identifying 84 independent significant risk loci for short sleep and 1 locus for long sleep, and causal associations between sleep and psychiatric traits.

This multi-ancestral meta-analysis of alcohol use disorder in over one million individuals identifies genome-wide significant risk variants from independent genomic loci and shared genetic architecture between alcohol use disorder and other mental and general medical conditions.

This study identifies eight significant genetic associations with intrusive reexperiencing of trauma in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a large biobank focused on US veterans.

This bi-ancestral genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder (MDD) identified 178 risk variants. The results advance understanding of the biology of MDD and hint at new treatment possibilities.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Here, authors use a multi-omics approach to reveal DNA hydroxymethylation as an important gene regulatory mechanism for OUD in the human brain.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoantibody-mediated disease affecting the neuromuscular junction. Here, the authors discover common genetic variation associated with the disease, increasing understanding of the genetic basis.

A genetic study of problematic alcohol use in 435,563 individuals, including data from the Million Veteran Program, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and UK Biobank, found many novel risk loci and provided new insights into trait biology.

Kranzler et al. examine the association between adverse childhood events and mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. The results show that adverse childhood events are associated with risk of substance dependence, with this effect mediated by mood and anxiety disorders. Similar associations were found for the risk of mood and anxiety disorders with substance dependence as a mediator.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Despite many common genetic variants being linked to depression, the impact of rare coding variants on depression remains largely unknown. Here, the authors perform a whole-exome sequencing study of depression, providing insights into the rare genetic architecture of depression.

A genome-wide association study for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identifies 12 loci and implicates neurodevelopmental pathways and conserved regions of the genome as being involved in underlying ADHD biology.

Latin America and the Caribbean remain largely underrepresented in psychiatric genetics research. This Review highlights the need for more research in these populations to advance genetic insights and ensure equitable precision medicine access.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of major depression identifies new risk loci, assesses the transferability of risk loci across ancestry groups, and improves fine-mapping resolution and prioritization of candidate effector genes.

In 653,790 individuals, this multi-ancestral meta-analysis of tobacco use disorder finds 461 potential risk genes and hundreds of associations with health outcomes, showcasing the utility of electronic health records for genetic research.

A genome-wide meta-analysis of data from six US and European cohorts involving 1.3 million individuals identifies 243 genetic variants associated with risk and pathophysiology of depression, which is used to develop polygenic risk scores for the prediction of depression recurrence and comorbid psychiatric disorders.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified 126 genetic loci associated with chronic pain intensity, revealing correlations with substance use and psychiatric traits.

A GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, shows that cannabis use has genetic overlap with smoking and alcohol use, and indicates that the likelihood of initiating cannabis use is causally influenced by schizophrenia.

This genome-wide association study identified 12 novel loci for opioid use disorder, a common, potentially fatal condition. Analyses implicated the CNS, with gene expression enriched in brain regions associated with addiction.

In this Review, Gelernter and Polimanti discuss how recent large-scale studies have provided insights into the genetics and biology of substance use and abuse. By considering a range of addictive substances (both legal and illegal), they describe the genetic commonalities and distinctions among use and dependency phenotypes for these substances.