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Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

This study shows that structural complexity of cortical and subcortical areas, measured from standard anatomical MRI, can predict Parkinson’s patient response to deep brain stimulation using advanced hypergraph modeling techniques.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

Harty and colleagues report that physiological microbial exposures in mice can enhance memory T cell presence in the brain and influence neurological disease outcomes.

A soft mesh microelectrode array can seamlessly integrate in developing brains, enabling long-term, stable mapping of how single-neuron activity and population dynamics emerge and evolve during brain development.

Neuropixels 1.0 NHP is a 45-mm, high-density silicon probe capable of recording large numbers of neurons with single-neuron resolution from most areas in a macaque’s brain.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Current treatment plans for brain tumors fail to account for the nuances of diversified individual patient conditions regarding the tumor infiltrating margins in brain tissues. Here this group reports a Fisher-Kolmogorov type physics model inferring the full spatial distribution of tumor cell concentration from available multi-modal imaging on glioblastoma patients for tumor recurrence monitoring.

Research shows that previous peripheral microbial encounters can prime the entry of memory T cells into the brain, reshaping neuroimmune surveillance and altering seizure severity through microorganism-driven tissue-resident memory T cell responses.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

The authors describe a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methylase G9a regulates translation of hippocampal proteins associated with AD pathology. Targeting this mechanism with a brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a helped rescue brain pathology in AD mouse models.

Ji et al. identify an idiopathic generalised epilepsy network that links heterogeneously distributed brain abnormalities to a common brain network and deep brain stimulation sites which reduce generalised seizures.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

How brain networks organize and interact based on their hierarchical position remains poorly understood. Momi, Wang et al find that high-order brain networks show stronger responses to stimulation and greater dependence on recurrent feedback compared to low-order networks.

This multisite study detects a link between brain dynamic functional network connectivity and current and future post-traumatic stress symptom severity with a stronger effect in the female group.

In a randomized, crossover clinical trial in healthy young adults with varying weights, sucralose increased hypothalamic blood flow and its functional connections with brain regions involved in motivation and somatosensory processing.

The ability to physically partition the human brain at a spatial resolution comparable to neuroimaging methods enabled the development of a brain-wide atlas of mitochondrial content, specialization and enzymatic oxidation and phosphorylation activities.

Yin et al. harmonized 1,091 fMRI scans across five imaging cohorts to map developmental trajectories of brain functional connectivity in early childhood, revealing early brain development and its links to cognitive abilities.

A national prospective study of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 demonstrates global cognitive deficits at 1 year, associated with elevated brain injury markers and reduced gray matter volume.

This Perspective explores how the gut microbiota influences the function and heterogeneity of microglia, highlighting their roles in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and discusses the therapeutic potential, challenges and clinical implications of targeting microbiota–microglia interactions.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Thompson et al. report clinical outcomes and immunological correlates of a phase 1 trial of a peptide vaccine targeting the CMV antigen pp65 in children and young adults with recurrent high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma.

Rhine et al. find that neuronal aging leads to widespread dysregulation of RNA biology, including mislocalization of splicing proteins like TDP-43, chronic cellular stress and reduced resiliency.

A connectome of the right optic lobe from a male fruitfly is presented together with an extensive collection of genetic drivers matched to a comprehensive neuron-type catalogue.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

Brain gene regulation is key for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the authors show that profiling gene expression and chromatin states in 25 brain regions enables enhancer-promoter mapping at isoform resolution, improving genetic fine-mapping.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Three electron microscopy datasets are combined to provide a complete connectomic description of the neural circuitry that makes up the neck connective in Drosophila, including the descending neurons, ascending neurons and sensory ascending neurons.

Assessing brain aging heterogeneity in a cohort of 49,482 individuals from 11 studies, a generative model identifies five dominant patterns of brain atrophy, with specific associations with biomedical, lifestyle and genetic factors.

Early expression of intraneuronal amyloid-β (not phospho-tau) and inflammatory and glycosylation pathway transcripts distinguish neocortical RORB⁺ and GAD1⁺ neurons selectively vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.

Delivering therapeutics to the brain is challenging because of the hard-to-cross blood–brain barrier. Here, the authors show that HER3, which is expressed on the surface of many metastatic tumours, is associated with the brain endothelium and can drive accumulation of HER3-targeted nanoparticles within the brain, for therapy against HER3-positive tumours.

Human and mouse astrocytes express the protocadherin PcdhγC3, which promotes self-recognition of individual astrocytes, thereby contributing to normal astrocyte and brain development.

Simultaneous profiling of RNA and chromatin accessibility in single nuclei isolated from human postnatal brain regions from infancy to late adulthood identifies key cellular regulators and nominates target genes and mechanisms for brain-related diseases and disorders.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.