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While multiple resistance-to-Phytophthora sojae loci/alleles have been mapped in soybean, many of them have become ineffective to newly evolved isolates. Here, the authors show that a 27.7-kb nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in soybean.

Imaging of the mantle transition zone beneath the Lesser Antilles shows a basalt-rich region within the subducting slab near the proposed ___location of a subducted extinct spreading ridge, implying ancient tectonics play a role in influencing slab trajectories.

The future challenges and potential opportunities of robotics and autonomous systems in urban ecosystems, and how they may impact biodiversity, are explored and prioritized via a global horizon scan of 170 experts.

Regev, Casto et al. examine the temporal response patterns of neural populations in the language network and discover that these populations process information over different timescales.

Integrating an organic photodiode with a tandem OLED enables positive photonic feedback that results in bistable behaviour. Devices show giant hysteresis in their current–voltage–luminance characteristic and upconversion of near-infrared to visible light with 100-fold photon-to-photon gain.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

A phase I trial of a neoantigen-targeting personalized cancer vaccine led to durable and polyfunctional T cell responses and antitumour recognition, and was associated with no recurrence in patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Using single-cell and multi-omics data of fetal blood, a high-resolution molecular map of dysregulated haematopoiesis in Down syndrome is provided.

Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are mitochondria-related organelles with distinct properties. Here the authors find that the mitochondria-related organelle of the salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicidahas characteristics of both diplomonad mitosomes and of parabasalid hydrogenosomes, suggesting the presence of hydrogenosomes in the last common ancestor.

Whether decisions are made in a graded or all-or-none fashion remains unclear. Here, the authors provide evidence to suggest that decisions conclude in a graded, rather than a binary, manner, thus providing an analog framework for flexible choice behavior.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Recurrent de novo mutations at nucleotide positions 4 and 35 of RNU2-2 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder whose prominent features include intellectual disability, developmental delay and a complex seizure phenotype.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

A scanning fibre endoscope, combining reflectance and laser-induced fluorescence emission of intrinsic fluorescent constituents in vascular tissue, provides real-time structural, biochemical and biological images of human atherosclerotic plaques.

A number of rare-earth pyrochlore materials are experimental realizations of spin ice, a magnetic state that shares a number of similarities with conventional water ice. Diffuse neutron scattering experiments now show that oxygen vacancies strongly affect the dynamics of monopole excitations in the spin-ice material Y₂Ti₂O_7−δ.

Symbiont-housing structures are well-studied in multicellular eukaryotes but rarely in unicellular protists. This study shows that low-oxygen-adapted Anaeramoebae have symbiosomes positioning sulfate-reducing bacteria near hydrogenosomes, with genomic analyses suggesting likely metabolic interactions.

The CLIMREC Dataset on Green Economic Recovery Spending offers new insights into the emissions profiles of 40 major economies’ economic recovery packages during the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses reveal that most governments have allocated modest recovery spending towards decarbonization objectives, with green spending patterns changing little over time. Overall, governments have prioritized emissions-neutral economic stabilization measures over advancing the clean energy transition in crisis-related fiscal spending.

Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the deletion of a single gene. Here, researchers discovered a small molecule that could be delivered peripherally to activate a dormant copy of the gene throughout the brain, providing a potential treatment opportunity.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Understanding the activation of the units that control plastic deformation in metallic glasses is important. Here, the authors use dynamic mechanical analysis to analyse the statistics of the activation of these units, observing a crossover from three-dimensional random activity to two-dimensional shear banding.

Two antibodies targeting the CεmX ___domain of membrane-bound IgE on human B lymphocytes are being developed to treat allergy. Here, the authors map the antigenic epitopes of the two antibodies and show that they bind to different conformations of the same peptide region.

Experiments on spin–orbit torque magnetization switching over seven orders of magnitude in current pulse duration unveil a transition from non-coherent to coherent magnetization reversal as pulse duration is reduced and a reduction of energy consumption in the picosecond regime by an order of magnitude.

Understanding molecular near neighbours is key for molecular optimization. Here, authors propose a transformer model that improves correlation between generation probability and molecular similarity, enhancing exploration of molecular neighbourhoods.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Stroke is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Here, the authors apply exome-wide association analysis to find rare coding variants associated with stroke in a Pakistani cohort, finding a significant association of a variant in NOTCH3 that is highly enriched in South Asians.

A cure for diabetes could entail an effective cell replacement therapy through generation of new insulinproducing cells. In this study, we show that inhibition of focal adhesion kinase activity results in transdifferentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into functional insulin producing β-like cells.

Old or diseased human glial cells in the chimeric mouse brain are eliminated by transplanted young cells.

MAP1B is bound and regulated by fragile X protein FMRP. Here, the authors show that elevated levels of MAP1B reduce the morphological and physiological maturation of human neurons and impair social behavior in mice.

Atherosclerosis is caused by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) buildup in the vessel wall, a process thought to be mediated by LDL receptor alone. Here, the authors show that the endothelium can uptake LDL via ALK1, a TGFβ signalling receptor, suggesting new therapies for blocking LDL accumulation in the vessel wall.

This study introduces a novel recording technique for simultaneously measuring excitatory and inhibitory conductances of retinal ganglion cells to show that excitatory and inhibitory inputs are strongly correlated, thereby cancelling each other. Furthermore, dynamic clamp is used to introduce these conductance changes into the cell with or without correlations, and it is found that, as predicted by theoretical work, correlations significantly increase reliability of the spiking response.

Serpentine subducted below the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc supplies water to the arc, controlling the ___location of seismicity, volcanic productivity and thickness of crust.

The pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to differ between species, age groups and physiological states, but its compositional changes throughout human life are not well understood. Here, the authors study how the proteome of pancreatic ECM changes during human development and maturation.

Only 7% of the 2245 estuaries, globally, that connect to the ocean only intermittently have been studied in past decades, with ecosystem services, climatic and human disturbances and management particularly neglected, according to a global meta-analysis of 271 published articles.

CDK4/6 inhibitors are standard-of-care treatment of breast cancer, however resistance is common. Here, the authors analyse real world multi-omics data from 400 breast cancer patients and identify bifurcated evolutionary trajectories associated with ER independent resistance.

Transcription factors are rich in intrinsic disorder and therefore hard to drug. The authors improve an experimental drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer by learning how the activation ___domain of the androgen receptor activates transcription.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.