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In locusts, the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole is derived from dietary phenylalanine, and its production is dependent on two 4-vinylphenol methyltransferases that are potential targets for locust pest control.

Multimodal large language models are shown to develop object concept representations similar to those of humans. These representations closely align with neural activity in brain regions involved in object recognition, revealing similarities between artificial intelligence and human cognition.

Constructing polymer-based mimics on the surface of cells has potential to manipulate cell behavior, but precise control of grafting sites is challenging. Here, the authors report a method for site selected radical polymerization on cell surfaces by metabolic labelling.

Despite the importance of chiral macrocycles, their synthesis has lagged behind those of normal and medium-sized rings. Now a bio-inspired catalytic metallic dipole relay strategy enables access to the synthesis of axially chiral 14-, 15- and 20-membered macrocyclic products.

The MIRI spectrometer onboard JWST measured Pluto and Charon’s infrared emissions separately, uncovering surface properties and revealing that Pluto’s haze plays a key role in controlling the atmospheric temperature.

Identifying active sites on oxide catalysts is often challenging. Here, the authors introduce a syngas-induced dispersion method to anchor ZnO species onto ZnCr₂O₄, forming monodispersed ZnO_x active sites that enhance catalytic performance in direct syngas conversion to light olefins.

A miniaturized and low-power-consumption system is designed to allow the accurate sensing and wireless transmission of internal temperature and strain signals inside lithium-ion batteries with negligible influence on their performance, improving their safety.

Around 1 in 136 pregnancies is lost due to a pathogenic small sequence variant genotype in the fetus.

Phenotypic and genomic analyses of 215 Rosa accessions reveal the genomic foundations of phylogeny, domestication and evolutionary history of Rosa, providing insights and resources for harnessing wild germplasm in modern rose breeding.

The authors realize a high piezoelectric charge coefficient in a self-poled ferroelectric film, addressing the persistent challenge of piezoelectric property degradation during industrial packaging and shaping the landscape of commercial ferroelectrics for micro-electro-mechanical systems.

In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.

This study maps the single-axon projections of 7,180 hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in male mice and uncovers extensive collateralization, topographic target innervation and modular intra-hypothalamic organization.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The function and position of organelles are pivotal for tumor cell dissemination. Here the authors use melanoma patient samples and animal models to show that peripheral localization of lysosomes promotes metastasis by favoring lysosome exocytosis and cell invasion.

The authors demonstrate a multifunctional flexible metasurface platform that integrates deformation sensors with an adaptive encoding algorithm, providing high-performance robustness in dynamic deformation scenarios.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The mechanism of gut microbiome and blood metabolites regulate the TME in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear. Here the authors show Lachnospiraceae can suppress MM cell phosphatidylcholine (PC) production, with the latter inhibiting CD8 T cell function via TP53 UFMylation elicited by exosomal SerpinB9 from multiple myeloma.

Diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase–degron pairs are used to generate live attenuated influenza vaccines. Attenuation and humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses were characterized in mouse and ferret models.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements suggest that the oxidized oxygen species in high-energy Li-rich oxide cathodes are trapped molecular O₂, which is also observed in O-redox-inactive materials. This suggests that resonant X-ray inelastic scattering measurements generate these species, and molecular O₂ is not responsible for voltage hysteresis and decay.

Gapr is an efficient platform for reconstructing neurons in large-scale light microscopy datasets. It enables various proofreading modes as well as collaboration among many annotators.

Little is known about the brain’s computations that enable the recognition of faces. Here, the authors use unsupervised deep learning to show that the brain disentangles faces into semantically meaningful factors, like age or the presence of a smile, at the single neuron level.

A comprehensive multi-omics reference atlas of prenatal human skin shows that innate immune cells crosstalk with non-immune cells to perform pivotal roles in skin morphogenesis, including the formation of hair follicles.

Man, Gao and colleagues find that methylphenidate treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with reduced risk of physical abuse.

Superconductivity at temperatures approaching 40 K for a hole-doped nickel oxide that is isostructural with cuprate superconductors demonstrates the existence of a broader family of materials and potential for achieving higher-temperature superconductivity.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Spur-type of growth is preferred for apple production. Here, the authors employ the trio-based phasing approach to assemble a fully phased Fuji genome and reveal the association of a 167-bp deletion in the promoter region of the MdTCP11 gene with the spur-type varieties.

Cyanobacterial bioenergetics may have driven chloroplast evolution. Here, the authors show that cyanobacterial endosymbionts expressing plastidic ADP/ATP carrier translocases from red algae and glaucophyte support photosynthesis-driven bioenergetic endosymbiosis, but not those from green land plants.

Rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants with crucial ecological, cultural and economic value. Here, the authors generated a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome for the ancestor of tea rose, as well as investigated the release rhythm and regulatory networks of the special tea scent.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

MYLIP relies on its enzymatic activity to target HIF-α, triggering K27-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing the hypoxic signaling pathway and inhibiting hypoxia tolerance.

Fault-tolerant manipulation of quantum bits is demonstrated experimentally on an eight-photon cluster state using topological error correction.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

This analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 474 individuals of diverse Asian ancestries in the Asian Immune Diversity Atlas links cell-type-specific splicing variation with autoimmune and inflammatory disease risk.

To overcome mass transport limitations in zeolite-catalysed reactions, scientists must often resort to hierarchical or nanosized zeolites; however, the synthesis of such materials remains challenging. Here the authors disclose a one-pot method for the preparation of Si-zoned MFI-type catalysts with improved diffusion properties for the methanol-to hydrocarbon reaction.

This study presents a comprehensive pipeline to profile transmembrane receptors involved in macrophage-driven inflammation in pancreatic islets during the onset of diabetes. The authors identify GPR132 as a mediator of macrophage-driven inflammation and find compounds that reduce inflammation and improve glycaemic control.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

The authors generate genomic data from 30 ancient human individuals, spanning the Bronze Age and the Iron Age from four archaeological sites in the Mediterranean (located in Tunisia, Sardinia and central Italy). Comparing with additional published ancient genomes, they generate insights into mobility and admixture in this interconnected region

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Some materials can display magnetic order despite having spin-singlet ground state on individual magnetic sites. This arises due to exchange interactions mixing excited crystal electric field states. Here, Gao et al study and example of such a system, Ni₂Mo₃O₈, and find that crystal electric field states in both the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states exhibit dispersive excitations.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.