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The growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of dead Li significantly undermine the safety and performance of Li metal batteries. Here, authors introduce the concept of “catalytic” effect for dead Li reconversion, leading to a Li plating/stripping efficiency of 99.89%.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The realization of high-performance flexible perovskite/crystalline-silicon tandem solar cells requires efficient photocarrier transport and mitigation of residual stress. Here, authors reveal the critical role of perovskite phase homogeneity, achieving flexible devices with efficiency of 29.88%.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Inspired by the rich ion dynamics and interplay in biological channels, the authors report cooperative and inhibitory ion transport in angstrom-scale acetate functionalized MoS₂ two-dimensional channels.

The development of subunit vaccines mimicking the molecular complexity of attenuated vaccines has been limited by the difficulty in co-delivery of multiple chemically diverse payloads. Here, the authors report hierarchical hydrogels, assembled from a single homopolymer via a multi-stage process, that enable ratiometric loading of a protein antigen and four physicochemically distinct adjuvants.

Authors use a high-entropy engineering approach to produce fully amorphous BiTO films by exfoliation and annealing, creating crystalline regions, leading to flexible ceramics with dielectric properties.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Using human data and mice models, it was revealed that assimilation of ammonia by a gut microbe prevents its harmful accumulation that can impair kidney function.

Suppressing charge transport and reducing conduction loss at high temperatures and electric fields is crucial in high-temperature dielectric materials. Here, the authors incorporate high-polarity small molecules into polyetherimide to increase its energetic disorder and reduce charge transport, enabling an energy density of 6.45 J cm-3 with an efficiency of 90%.

Pei et al. overcome desorption of passivating molecules under photothermal stress in wide-bandgap perovskites and achieve perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ tandem solar cells with a certified efficiency of 27.35%.

Xiangdong Fu and colleagues report characterization of a major rice grain yield QTL at the DEP1 locus.

Extending the endurance of mushroom-type phase change memory remains challenging. Here, the authors design a nano-confined cell with an embedded heater, achieving a 1000 × improvement and attributing failure to carbon-induced collapse of the switching volume.

Histone crotonylation is implicated in transcriptional regulation. Here, the authors perform genome-wide mapping of histone crotonylation in mouse and human early embryos. Suppression of histone crotonylation results in developmental arrest at 2-cell stage due to impaired transcriptional activity. Embryos from aged female mice exhibit diminished histone crotonylation, while sodium crotonate supplementation facilitates blastocyst formation.

The realization and phonon imaging of nanoscale mechanical metamaterials has remained challenging. Here the authors resolve the phonon dynamics and band structures of five different self-assembled nanoparticle lattices, revealing the role of nanoscale colloidal interactions in modulating the lattice properties.

Zhao et al. identified a novel E3 ligase RED and its E2 partner UBC32 which mediates ethylene-induced degradation of ethylene receptors ETR3 via the ERAD pathway in Rosa hybrida and Solanum lycopersicum, providing new insights into controlling ethylene response through receptor turnover.

Here, authors report a macroscopical grain boundary-free interface layer with microscopic Li + -selective conductive channels enables the ultra-dense Li metal deposition, resulting in a high energy density (506 Wh kg⁻¹) and long cycle life (160 cycles) pouch cell performance.

The zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma has complex developmental programs to accommodate different lifestyles that are important for parasite transmission and pathogenesis. Here, the authors discover a novel chromatin remodeling complex containing SNF2L in Toxoplasma and report its crucial roles in regulating the parasite’s developmental programs.

Parasitoid wasps are reared and released as biocontrol agents to manage aphids and protect crops. Here, the authors use genomes from 542 wasps to show that, in spite of wide scale release of low-diversity captive individuals, diversity in wild populations is maintained.

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

In S. Cerevisiae, meiotic stress granules (SGs) form at temperatures ~10°C lower than those in mitosis, seeded by the meiosis-specific RNA-binding protein Rim4. These SGs halt meiosis and facilitate its resumption under heat and after heat relief, respectively.

Iron dysregulation is a hallmark of many human diseases and cancers. In this study, the authors show that iron depletion, overload, or improper storage drive templated insertions at chromosome breaks, a class of events that are common yet poorly understood in cancer.

This study uses deep learning and gaze-tracking to track pathologists' work and learn how they review tissue images. This “learned expertise” was applied to guide artificial intelligence models, such as weakly supervised learning and reinforcement learning, to achieve accurate diagnosis of Whole Slide Images.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

Cao and colleagues show that the RNA-binding E3 ligase MKRN2 selectively inhibits the translation of Il6 messenger RNA in activated macrophages.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and its metabolite 1-MNA have been implicated in liver disease and stress adaptation. Here, the authors show that NNMT/1-MNA protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating the AKT/FOXO1/ANGPT2/JNK axis.

Multiday imaging of CA1 neurons during learning reveals that the representation stabilizes as the number of readily retrievable, information-rich and stable place cells increases and suggests novel mechanisms of hippocampal memory formation.

Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.

A family of organic metals that behave as hyper-gap transparent conductors is discussed. Such an elusive combination of electronic conduction and optical transparency is highly attractive for plasmonics and photonics applications.

A Fusarium graminearum effector is found to target wheat fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase for 26S proteasomal degradation. The hydrolase enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight by regulating defense genes and amino acid metabolism, offering a genetic target for wheat improvement.

The authors find cholinergic neurons regulate glymphatic waste clearance via neurovascular mechanisms, with their loss impairing this process. This finding suggests targets for diagnostics and treatment.

Tu, Qian et al. identify BAZ2B as an epigenetic regulator of hepatocyte senescence, linking liver aging to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis through PPARα and lipid metabolism.

The authors demonstrate standing ceramic circuit boards (S-CCBs) with high-resolution and high aspect-ratio fabricated via sacrificial coating-assisted micro-3D printing, which have both high-density integration and large current-carrying capacity

The sluggish conversion of lithium polysulfides in Li–S batteries can be overcome by the use of catalysts, but their design is typically done via trial and error. Now, a binary descriptor is proposed by machine learning to capture electronic and structural effects for the design of Li–S battery cathode catalysts.

ESM-Ezy combines the ESM-1b protein language model with similarity analysis to predict enzymatic functions in low-similarity sequences. It identifies high-performance biocatalysts, such as novel multicopper oxidases and L-asparaginases, with enhanced efficiency, stability, and industrial potential, advancing sustainable biotech solutions.

The FDA-approved nanodrug ferumoxytol can relieve reactive oxygen species in haematopoietic stem cells, facilitating their post-injury regeneration.

Two types of amyloid-β protein (1–42) (Aβ₄₂) fibrils are known to form in the insoluble fraction of diseased human brains. Now, another type of Aβ₄₂ fibril (type III) has been identified in the soluble fraction of Alzheimer’s disease brain using cryo-electron microscopy. These studies also reveal differences in ligand–fibril interactions between fibril types.