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Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The efficient preparation of inherently unstable N-CF3 secondary amines remains a challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, the authors present the synthesis of this type of compounds via oxidative fluorination of isocyanides using iodine as the oxidant, silver fluoride as the fluorinating reagent, and tert-butyldimethylsilane as the proton precursor.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

Circular RNA aptamers dampen Alzheimer disease phenotypes in mouse models

Sun, Fu, Zheng, Hong, Liu et al. generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the primate cochlear aging, identifying an age-related decline in Slc35f1 and showing that silencing Slc35f1 in mice induces hair cell degeneration and auditory deficits.

The mechanism of lipoprotein sorting to the bacterial cell surface is still unclear. Here, authors determine the crystal structures of paLptDE-LptM and apo-paLptDE, providing insights into how SLPs are transported to the cell surface via LptDE.

The authors describe a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methylase G9a regulates translation of hippocampal proteins associated with AD pathology. Targeting this mechanism with a brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a helped rescue brain pathology in AD mouse models.

Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems are often constrained by numerous biochemical components required to maintain biocatalytic efficiency. Here, the authors propose a droplet-AI combined approach to perform high-throughput and efficient combinatorial screening of CFE. This work led to simplified CFE systems with improved yield and cost-effectiveness.

Both the pyrroloindoline core and N–CF3 moiety hold significant importance in medicinal chemistry. Herein, the authors present a simple approach to assembling such intriguing skeletons from tryptamine-derived isocyanides through a cascade sequence, which includes an oxidative trifluorination and a subsequent halogenative cyclization.

A new deep learning-based global medium-range weather forecasting model outperforms existing machine learning models and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model, producing accurate global weather forecasts beyond ten days.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Diatoms are crucial marine microorganisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their temperature tolerance remain unclear. This study identifies the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF2 as a key regulator of thermal tolerance and cell size plasticity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its role in gene regulation and stress response.

Some skin pigment disorders such as vitiligo are caused by the loss of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. Here the authors present an approach to directly convert mouse and human dermal fibroblasts into functional melanocytes.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

N,O-acetals are part of many synthetic intermediates and important skeletons of numerous natural products and pharmaceutical drugs. Here the authors show a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric addition of alcohols to β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters, providing the corresponding linear chiral N,O-ketals with up to 96% ee.

Resistance to Herceptin represents a major challenge for successful treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that the activation of the IGF2/IRS1 signal caused by disruption of a negative feedback loop between FOXO3a-miR-128/miR-30/miR-193 induces Herceptin resistance.

Species genomes are important for analyses of genetic variation. Wu et al. assembled a T2T genome of a male cashmere goat, including 288.5 Mb of previously unresolved regions, and identified selective variants and genes associated with domestication and cashmere traits.

Knock-in mice conditionally or constitutively expressing Cas12 variants enable a wide range of ex vivo and in vivo applications requiring multiplexed genome engineering.

A gap-free telomere-to-telomere genome assembly for a ram of Hu sheep uncovers genes and variants associated with domestication and selection for wool fineness.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

The authors highlight the role of acyl coenzyme A binding protein (encoded by DBI) in Cushing’s syndrome by using six different inhibition methods and mapping the physiological effects.

Thermal management in compact electrical devices is challenging due to limited space and complex geometries. Here, the authors present a flexible heat pipe that conforms to arbitrary shapes without space constraints, achieving an ultra-high thermal conductivity of 11,363 W/m·K.

Studying tumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution remains a challenging task. Here, the authors propose a supercontinuum-tailoring two-photon microscope to enable the imaging of multiple fluorophores with a single light beam. They use this tool to monitor the dynamics of heterogeneous tumour evolution.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Multi-region sequencing of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) can improve our understanding of the disease. Here the authors analyse 120 multi-region samples from 40 SCLC patients with whole exome sequencing and characterise their mutational burden, evolution, heterogeneity, and potential prognostic biomarkers.

Reconstructing inflammatory maxillofacial defects is a global health challenge. This study presents an artificial antioxidase with rapid proton/electron transfer for efficient redox homeostasis and maxillofacial bone regeneration.

Although the Tetrahymena group I intron was the first RNA catalyst discovered, important mechanistic details remain ambiguous. Now six different conformational states of Tetrahymena group I intron self-splicing and an unexpected pseudoknotted structure are resolved by cryogenic electron microscopy.

Analysing data from seven countries, this study found that unmarried individuals had a higher depression risk than married individuals. This risk was higher in Western countries, among males and among those with higher educational attainment.

Cassava is a major source of food in tropical and subtropical regions. Here the authors sequence the genomes of wild and domesticated cassava varieties and identify genes that have been selected for and against during the evolution and domestication of this economically important crop.