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It is challenging to design anti-freezing electrolytes for extremely low-temperature aqueous batteries. This study proposes a general guideline for designing anti-freezing electrolytes by choosing H₂O–solute systems with low eutectic temperature and strong super-cooling ability, and demonstrates aqueous Na-ion batteries that can operate at the ultralow temperature of −85 °C.

Aligning artificial intelligence systems with human morality poses scientific, societal and ethical challenges. Delphi, an artificial intelligence system designed to predict human moral judgements based on John Rawls’s philosophical framework, is developed and tested, highlighting its potential for ethical applications and emphasizing the need to address its limitations and biases.

The functions of microvesicles (MVs) in gastric cancer are less studied compared to other types of extracellular vesicles. Here, the authors report that in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), Olfactomedin 4 protein is enriched in secreted MVs to promote EBVaGC progression by inhibiting the Hippo signaling in tumor cells.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is processed and cleaved from proglucagon to stimulate insulin secretion. Here, authors show that Nogo-B interacts with proglucagon to retain it on the ER, thereby inhibiting PCSK1-mediated cleavage of proglucagon and secretion of GLP1.

Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T (TI-T_reg) cells help tumor growth by suppressing local immune responses. Here the authors show that thonzonium bromide can help fight tumors by interfering with the interaction of p97 and Npl4, a complex that they show supports TI-T_reg cells.

The generation of cracks in polycrystalline Ni-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides presents numerous challenges for their use in batteries. Here, authors propose a gradiently distributed pores structure within the oxide secondary particles, reducing internal strain accumulation.

The authors solve cryo-EM structures of the alkaline pH-induced insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR), providing clues into its activation mechanism by pH.

Two cyclic dinucleotide molecules bind within the cavity of human SLC19A1 as a compact dual-molecule unit, whereas folate and antifolate bind to SLC19A1 as a monomer and occupy a distinct pocket of the cavity.

Selective photo-oxidation of CH₄ to value-added C₁ oxygenates remains challenging. Here, the authors propose construct mono-copper sites within a framework platform to optimize O₂ activation, enabling highly selective conversion of CH₄ to HCHO.

The value-added electrochemical conversion of ethylene glycol using noble metal catalysts is often hindered by rapid deactivation. In this study, the authors present a dynamic potential cycling method that effectively suppresses oxide-induced deactivation and enhances both catalyst activity and stability.

The role of electronic states in catalytic performance remains a topic of debate. In this study, the authors show that electronic interactions between active sites can facilitate the coupling of two half-reactions, thereby enhancing reaction rates.

Direct modulation of protein by artificial catalysts as enzyme mimetics remains hindered by the lack of highly efficient catalytic centers. Here, the authors present the development of artificial protein modulators (APROMs) with protein phosphatase-like characteristics, catalytically reprogram the biological function of α-synuclein.

Core fucosylation of N-linked glycoproteins has been linked to physiological and pathological processes. Here, the authors develop a mass spectrometry-based method that utilizes Endo F3 followed by PNGase F treatment to quantify site-specific glycoprotein core fucosylation in protein mixtures.

Permafrost soils can be substantial sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) to the atmosphere, but no data exist on the N₂O footprints of permafrost rivers. Here, the authors show that alpine permafrost rivers are unexpectedly small sources of atmospheric N₂O at present.

A micronuclear battery is built based on an autoluminescent americium–terbium compound that couples radioisotopes with energy transducers at the molecular level, resulting in an 8,000-fold enhancement in energy conversion efficiency.

Given the association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP), authors assess the gut microbial diversity of patients with HTGP, and provide immunological insight utilising a murine model.

Pt oxides are essential catalysts in many critical reactions, but are typically unstable and prone to evaporation above 700 K. A two-dimensional layered Pt oxide with exceptional thermal stability is introduced, capable of surviving at high temperatures.

Upon nutrient stress in hepatocellular carcinoma, the glycolytic enzyme PFKL facilitates mitochondria tethering to lipid droplets to engage lipid mobilization and ensure nutrient supply.

Sakuranetin is an important phytoalexin. The authors find that sakuranetin in rice attenuates endocytosis of effectors from the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances resistance against rice blast.

DNA replication in eukaryotes requires the histone variant H2A.Z, which binds the enzyme SUV420H1 to promote the dimethylation of histone H4, in turn recruiting the origin-recognition complex to activate early replication origins.

An engineered sensor NLR RGA5^HMA5 carrying multiple resurfaced interfaces was generated to confer complete resistance to the rice blast fungus strains expressing the non-corresponding effector AVR-PikD, paving a way to broaden the resistance spectra of NLRs.

Devices with a wide-temperature range persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and low power consumption is a challenge for optical synaptic devices in neuromorphic computing. Here, the authors develop a carbon nanotube/porphyrin heterojunction on a flexible array, achieving PPC between 77 K to 400 K.

A differentiable design framework that integrates both geometrical and magnetomechanical analyses to inversely program the shape morphing in magnetically actuated kirigami is proposed, achieving intricate shapes and multistate transitions.

Scolaro et al. identify the enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDA) as upregulated in immunotherapy-resistant tumors and find it contributes to the UDP pool, which in turn modulates tumor-associated macrophages to instruct an immune-evasive TME.

The prion protein PrP^C is known to play a role in skeletal muscle development and physiology, including in myopathy. Here, the authors report that excess PrP^C binds microRNAs that enhance its aggregation, which inhibits autophagy in muscle cells.

Faecal metagenomics and serum metabolomics reveal compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiota of women with anorexia nervosa, and faecal transplants could transfer an anorexia-associated phenotype to germ-free mice.

Despite being a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) present a major obstacle. Here, the authors demonstrate that lipid metabolism reprogramming via URI mediated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 upregulation present a targetable driver of sorafenib resistance in HCC.

Defects at the perovskite/charge extraction layer interface reduce the performance of solar cells. Yang et al. show that charged oxide interlayers passivate defects by altering charge carrier concentration and their acidity minimizes detrimental reactions.

A new study shows the latest climate models tend to overestimate future Afro-Asian monsoon rainfall and runoff due to present-day biases of warming patterns. By constraining biases, the rainfall increase is 70% of the raw projection.

Certain chemotherapeutic agents can exert their anticancer effect through indirect immune-dependent mechanism. Here, the authors screen a library of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and show that crizotinib is an effective stimulator of immunogenic cell death and can potentiate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.

The intermolecular dynamics of liquid water impact most biological processes. Here, the authors use intense terahertz electromagnetic pulses to generate a transient, out-of-equilibrium state of the water network to show that the molecules become oriented and probe the polarizability of this anisotropic state.

Efforts to convert aptamers into molecular switches using rational design are often unsuccessful. Here the authors describe a massively parallel screening-based strategy whereby millions of potential aptamer switches are synthesised, sequenced and screened directly on a flow-cell.

Voltage tunable inductors (VTIs) with high working frequency and tunability are desired for new design of energy efficient electronics. Here the authors demonstrate magnetoelectric VTIs operating up to 10 MHz with tunability over 750% via strain mediated magnetoelectric effect and magnetocrystalline anisotropy cancellation strategy.

The reason for a re-emergence of scarlet fever in China remains unclear. Here the authors show that the number of scarlet fever cases surged in 2011 peaking in 2018, this correlates with an increase in NO₂ and O₃ but does not necessarily imply causation.

IGF2 has a distinct binding affinity for two insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and mimics insulin’s function. Here, the authors present the activation mechanism of IR by IGF2 and reveal the molecular basis for IGF2’s different affinity for two IR isoforms.

Brainstem gliomas are heterogenous in terms of clinical outcome and disease etiology. Here, the authors present a genetic and epigenetic landscape of brainstem gliomas, finding distinct epigenetic clusters associated with unique genetic and clinical profiles.