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Tear secretion from lacrimal gland is essential for ocular health, but the regulatory role of sympathetic nervous system is unclear. The authors show that sympathetic activation suppresses lacrimal tear secretion and aggravates dry eye disease via NA–Adra1a–Ucp2 signaling.

Striatonigral neurons comprise diverse subtypes, yet their specific roles in locomotion regulation are not fully understood. Here, authors demonstrate that the Calb1+ subtype promotes locomotion, while the Kremen1+ subtype terminates ongoing movement by inhibiting the activity of Aldh1a1+ dopaminergic neurons via GABBR1 receptors.

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is toxic to cells, yet IFN-γ-producing cells survive. Feng and colleagues show that expression of the GTPase Irgm1 in these cells confers protection against IFN-γ toxicity.

Chiral materials with strong and tunable chiroptical activities are highly desirable. Here, the authors employ an AI-guided robotic platform to fully execute a cyclic process to perform inverse design and fabricate chiral films with target chiroptical performance.

2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an abundant endocannabinoid in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here, the authors identified four loss-of-function mutations in dicylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) from six patients with early onset Parkinsonism. In mice, loss of DAGLB in dopamine neurons reduced neuronal activity and impaired locomotor function and augmentation of 2-AG levels boosted neuronal activity and rescued locomotor deficits.

A van der Waals buffer layer of Sb₂O₃ enables the integration of high-κ dielectric layer with sub-1 nm equivalent oxide thickness on two-dimensional semiconductors, resulting in high performance of two-dimensional field-effect transistors.

High performance proton conductor is highly desired for energy application. Here authors report an increase in the number of active protons in solid acid at the monolayer limit, enabling membranes with proton conductivity 5 times higher than that of Nafion.

Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

The DAWN study is a phase 3 clinical trial that demonstrates effective glycemic control of dorzagliatin as an add-on therapy to metfomin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

In this study, the authors show that nanovaccines co-delivering EBV antigens and molecular adjuvants generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies targeting vulnerable EBV sites of gHgL, gB and gp42. Antibodies elicited by cocktail nanovaccine immunization provide durable protection against EBV-associated lymphoma.

Hydrogen isotope effect in metal-hydrogen systems disturbs precise Deuterium/Tritium (D/T) ratio control. Here, the authors demonstrate a local coordination strategy that comprises thermodynamic destabilization with vibration enhancement of interstitial isotopes for isotope engineering.

Previous studies on high harmonic generation from molecules have been used to identify the spectral properties and orbital contributions. Here the authors measure the isotopic effects in the energy shift of the HHG spectra caused by the nuclear motion of the molecules.

Metabolic changes often occur during the early stages of cancer development. Here, the authors develop metabolomics signatures from tissues, pre- and post-operative sera and urines in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which may aid in early diagnosis.

It is currently difficult to synthesise NIR-II probes with good quantum yields, biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics. Here the authors report a strategy to alter these properties by modifying the protein coatings with biofunctional molecules, and generate long-wavelength fluorophores for in vivo imaging.

The interaction of DOT1L with MLL oncogenic fusion proteins has been implicated in leukemogenesis. Here, the authors show a contrasting role for DOT1L in protecting UVR-induced melanomagenesis by facilitating DNA repair through interaction with XPC.

Newly available atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements from six sites across China during 2009 to 2016 indicate a larger land carbon sink than previously thought, reflecting increased afforestation.

Metagenomic analysis reveals distinctive multi-kingdom species, functional signatures and bacteria-fungi interactions pattern between excess body weight CRC and lean CRC in gut microbiome, which contribute to precision medicine of CRC.

Retrograde chloroplast signals are essential in coordinating nuclear gene expression, but the mechanism that relays chloroplast signals to the nucleus remains elusive. In this study, a chloroplast envelope-bound transcription factor PTM is shown to transmit chloroplast signals to the nucleus.

Retrograde signalling co-ordinates nuclear gene expression in response to stress perceived in the chloroplast. Here Guo et al. show that a MAPK cascade acting downstream of a plastid derived Ca²⁺signal contributes to the regulation of nuclear gene expression by phosphorylation of ABI4 during retrograde signalling.

Macrophage differentiation and inflammatory function are controlled by cell metabolism. Here, the authors use a viral hepatitis model and a high-fat diet model of insulin resistance to show how VSIG4 inhibits inflammatory macrophage activation by modulating mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism.

One major transition in early plant development is de-etiolation of the young seedling. A retrograde signal from plastids and the light perception pathway converge to antagonistic regulators (ABI4 and HY5) that optimize this transition.

Exponential relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and internal OH^- content obtained through the combination of quantitative control of the defect, advanced spectroscopy and theoretical model simulation.