Artificial atoms, quantum systems with atom-like energy structure, have been studied with frequency spectroscopic techniques. However, much information about the energy level spectrum has been hidden, as the technique is impractical for high frequencies. A complementary technique has been developed where the energy level of an artificial atom is not scanned by tuning frequency, but amplitude of the radiation, while the frequency is tuned to a specific feature in the spectrum.
- David M. Berns
- Mark S. Rudner
- Terry P. Orlando
