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Understanding the underlying mechanisms during corrosion is one of the grand key missions to improve the sustainability of the material world. Here, the authors combine atomic scale imaging and calculations to show how solute atoms react during aqueous corrosion of a multicomponent Al alloy.

Oyesola and colleagues show that rewilding mice reveals how genotype and environment combine to determine interindividual immune variation.

The survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells strongly depends on the presence of a supportive microenvironment. Here, the authors show that LYN kinase is essential for the reprogramming of stromal cells towards a leukemia-supportive phenotype that facilitates disease progression.

This Review explores the genetic basis of diversification and adaptation in non-human primates, including their responses to ecological and environmental changes.

The controlled growth of thin films of conjugated metal–organic frameworks is reported using an on-liquid-gallium surface synthesis strategy under chemical vapour deposition conditions. The surface flatness of the thin films is a tenfold improvement compared with samples synthesized by traditional routes.

‘Cooperative redox enhancement (CORE) effects, which arise through the coupling of oxidative dehydrogenation and oxygen reduction reactions, can lead to increased rates of reaction over spatially separated bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts.

Aggressive cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are found to grow through a three-hit cancer-like mechanism, involving gain of function of a gene that promotes vascular growth, and loss of function of genes that suppress it.

Phase separated p62 body plays pivotal roles in autophagy. Here, the authors describe a spatial membrane gathering mode by which p62 body functions in autophagosome formation.

Mouse incisor growth depends upon mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and transit amplifying cells (TACs). Here the authors describe a distinct population of MSCs that is maintained by TACs through Dlk1 ligand and that contribute to MTACs and mesenchymal lineages including dental pulp and odontoblasts.

Melinda Mills, Nicola Barban, Harold Snieder, Marcel den Hoed and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of data from over 300,000 individuals for age at first birth and number of children ever born. They identify 12 significant loci that associate with these traits, providing insights into the genetic basis of human reproductive behavior.

The cryo-EM structure of CRL7^FBXW8 shows that CUL7–RBX1 binds FBXW8–SKP1 in an F-box-independent manner. Bridged by FBXW8–SKP1, CRL7^FBXW8 forms a multi-cullin E3 ligase complex with neddylated CUL1–RBX1, which ubiquitinates a substrate recruited to CUL7.

The depolarization dynamics in ferroelectric materials is important for applications as it governs data loss. Here, the authors find a universal constant in ferroelectric materials that gives the boundary between a depolarizing and thermodynamically stable regime.

Negative pressure tailors the physical properties of functional oxide materials. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent multiferroism with magnetodielectric coupling in EuTiO₃ created by a negative pressure control of strong spin-phonon coupling.

Small-angle scattering can reveal the structural organization of bulk materials and materials at surfaces and quantify their response to changes in external conditions. This Primer provides an overview of small-angle scattering using both X-rays and neutrons, and includes instrumentation, data collection and the type of structural information gathered in various applications.

It is unclear how epithelial tissues adjust cell division rates to cell density. Here, the authors show that Plexin-B1 and Plexin-B2 sense mechanical compression (crowding) of epidermal stem cells, resulting in inactivation of YAP and suppression of cell proliferation.

Genome-wide analysis of self-reported dyslexia identifies 42 associated loci, including 27 not previously associated with cognitive traits. Dyslexia shows genetic correlation with ambidexterity but not neuroanatomical measures of language-related circuitry.

Measurements of the electronic structure of a trilayer cuprate superconductor suggest that its high critical temperature is explained by the different doping levels of the layers. The combination of underdoped inner layer and overdoped outer layers supports superconductivity.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study here shows novel genetic loci to be associated to body fat percentage, and describes cross-phenotype association that further demonstrate a close relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk.

Food regulates taste perception, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, the authors reveal that sugar intake in Drosophila induces the gut to secrete Hedgehog into the circulation that suppresses sweet taste, sugar perception and preference.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

A genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9-mediated knockout screen in Drosophila cells identifies Visgun as a proteinaceous receptor for toxin complex toxins, demonstrating the utility of this approach for investigating insecticidal toxins and pathogens.

microbeMASST is a tool to associate known and unknown metabolites to microbial producers leveraging untargeted metabolomics data.

Stress granules function at sites of intracellular membrane damage by forming on and stabilizing the ruptured membrane and promoting membrane repair.

Analysis of a set of 1,863 bursts from the repeating source FRB 20201124A provides evidence of a complicated magnetized site within about an astronomical unit from the source in a barred galaxy.

Place cell responses are strongly modulated by context, allowing the hippocampus to effectively encode different environments. Electrical recordings show that the context-dependent representation of environmental features is present in the CA3 subregion and is inherited by CA1.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

A genetic study identifies hundreds of loci associated with risk tolerance and risky behaviors, finds evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across these phenotypes, and implicates genes involved in neurotransmission.

The mechanism of charge density wave order in V-based kagome metals has been debated. Here the authors use a range of experimental techniques combined with ab initio calculations to study the electronic structure and phonon modes of ScV₆Sn₆, revealing the dominant role of strong electron-phonon coupling.

The strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, as traced in sediment cores from the Pacific Southern Ocean, shows no linear long-term trend over the past 5.3 Myr; instead, the strongest flow occurs consistently in warmer-than-present intervals.

Whole-genome analysis of paired follicular lymphoma and double-hit lymphoma shows that lymphoma progression is accompanied by enhanced somatic mutations targeting super-enhancer-embedded promoters.

Supported CoO_x catalysts display higher reactivities towards CO oxidation, yet, corresponding catalytically active phases are still unclear, especially under reaction conditions. Here, by means of in-situ APXPS and ResPES, the authors demonstrate that the topographic restructuring and chemical restructuring occur on these CoO_x working catalysts, and also highlight the unique catalytic properties of Co³⁺ sites.

Distinct electronic and optical properties emerge from quantum confinement in low-dimensional materials. Here, combining optical characterization and ab initio calculations, the authors report an unconventional excitonic state and bound phonon sideband in layered silicon diphosphide.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

A cultural assembly of traits at a 40,000-year-old archaeological site at Xiamabei, China supports a model of repeated early human expansions, cultural exchange and innovation in east Asia.

The conversion of methane to oxygenated molecules is a very challenging reaction that often requires the use of a coreductant or stoichiometric conditions. Here, the authors report the use of gold supported on ZSM-5 as a promising catalyst for this process in combination with oxygen in the absence of coreductants.

The adsorption of coagulation factors on microspheres placed within extracorporeal blood-purification devices allows for transient blood thinning and faster recovery of haemostasis.

This study identifies and characterizes evolutionarily conserved cytosine methylation patterns related to age across mammals and establishes pan-mammalian epigenetic clocks.

Membrane fission of a cell into two daughters is a core ability of cell-based life. Here the authors show that in artificial cells division can be controlled by regulating membrane curvature using low protein density.