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Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function

Microglia are CNS-resident macrophages, but studying their functions in health and disease has been challenging due to a lack of specific markers. Greter and colleagues identify the transcription factor Sall1 as being uniquely associated with microglia in the CNS, where it is important for defining their fate and homeostatic function.

Anne Buttgereit
Iva Lelios
Melanie Greter
Research24 Oct 2016
Nature Immunology

Volume: 17, P: 1397-1406
Lactation-associated macrophages exist in murine mammary tissue and human milk

Greter and colleagues identify a population of CD11c⁺F4/80⁺CD64⁺MHCII⁺CX3CR1⁺ macrophages in the mouse mammary gland that is induced by lactation and resembles several subsets of macrophages detected in human milk.

Dilay Cansever
Ekaterina Petrova
Melanie Greter
ResearchOpen Access19 Jun 2023
Nature Immunology

Volume: 24, P: 1098-1109
Erratum: Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function

Anne Buttgereit
Iva Lelios
Melanie Greter
Amendments and Corrections19 Jan 2017
Nature Immunology

Volume: 18, P: 246
Family ties among CNS macrophages

Perivascular and subdural meningeal macrophages at the interface between the central nervous system and the periphery are self-renewing and arise from early embryonic precursors. Macrophages residing in the choroid plexus have dual origin, developing from circulating bone-marrow-derived monocytes and embryonic progenitors.

Melanie Greter
News & Views21 Jun 2016
Nature Immunology

Volume: 17, P: 742-743
IL-12 sensing in neurons induces neuroprotective CNS tissue adaptation and attenuates neuroinflammation in mice

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can have anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that IL-12-sensing neurons mediate IL-12-induced neuroprotective tissue adaptation in autoimmune conditions of the CNS.

Myrto Andreadou
Florian Ingelfinger
Burkhard Becher
ResearchOpen Access25 Sept 2023
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 26, P: 1701-1712
Sublethal systemic LPS in mice enables gut-luminal pathogens to bloom through oxygen species-mediated microbiota inhibition

Acute systemic immune activation may affect gut-luminal colonisation dynamics. Here, the authors show that LPS exposure in mice elevates gut-luminal oxygen species levels, inhibiting the microbiota and enabling pathogen growth through aerobic respiration.

Sanne Kroon
Dejan Malcic
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
ResearchOpen Access20 Mar 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-18
Checking macrophages at the border

The CNS harbors distinct subsets of macrophages, including parenchymal microglia and macrophages residing at border regions (for example, meninges and the choroid plexus). In this issue of Nature Neuroscience, Van Hove and colleagues elegantly demonstrate the diversity and dynamics of non-parenchymal macrophages and identify a unique microglial subtype within the choroid plexus.

Sebastian G. Utz
Melanie Greter
News & Views06 May 2019
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 22, P: 848-850
Multimodal transcriptomics reveal neurogenic aging trajectories and age-related regional inflammation in the dentate gyrus

Multimodal transcriptomics unveil the molecular dynamics of neural stem cells and their surrounding niche in the aging mouse hippocampus and provide a resource to understand age-related molecular changes.

Yicheng Wu
Vladyslav I. Korobeynyk
Sebastian Jessberger
ResearchOpen Access06 Jan 2025
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 28, P: 415-430
PDL1-expressing macrophages infiltrate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and promote lymphoma growth in a MYC-driven experimental model

Ningxuan Cui
Peter Leary
Anne Müller
ResearchOpen Access16 Apr 2025
Blood Cancer Journal

Volume: 15, P: 1-15
IFNγ and GM-CSF control complementary differentiation programs in the monocyte-to-phagocyte transition during neuroinflammation

Becher and colleagues use a mouse model of multiple sclerosis to show that IFNγ is essential for the acquisition of a mature inflammatory phagocyte phenotype, while GM-CSF is required for phagocytosis and the production of IL-1β and ROS in Ly6C^hi monocytes during neuroinflammation.

Ana Amorim
Donatella De Feo
Burkhard Becher
Research31 Jan 2022
Nature Immunology

Volume: 23, P: 217-228
Skipping adolescence to become super-inflammatory monocytes

Single-cell RNA-sequencing of myeloid cells during neuroinflammation identifies a new population of pathogenic Cxcl10-expressing phagocytes, which develop independently of Ly6C^hi monocytes but derive from early myeloid precursors shaped by the inflamed tissue microenvironment.

Burkhard Becher
Donatella De Feo
Melanie Greter
News & Views20 Apr 2020
Nature Immunology

Volume: 21, P: 491-492
Neural progenitor cells orchestrate microglia migration and positioning into the developing cortex

Microglia colonize germinal regions of the developing cerebral cortex and contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis but the mechanisms that regulate this are not clear. Here the authors show that brain progenitor cells, through the secretion of the chemokine Cxcl12, drive microglia to cluster into the germinal regions of the developing mouse cerebral cortex.

Benedetta Arnò
Francesca Grassivaro
Luca Muzio
Research26 Nov 2014
Nature Communications

Volume: 5, P: 1-13
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis

Frank L Heppner
Melanie Greter
Adriano Aguzzi
Research23 Jan 2005
Nature Medicine

Volume: 11, P: 146-152
Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

Melanie Greter
Frank L Heppner
Burkhard Becher
Research27 Feb 2005
Nature Medicine

Volume: 11, P: 328-334
Single-cell profiling of immune system alterations in lymphoid, barrier and solid tissues in aged mice

With aging, the immune system undergoes severe changes that impact health in numerous ways. For a comprehensive, translational analysis of these alterations, Krishnarajah et al. here provide profiling of immune cell populations across 12 tissues from young and old mice.

Sinduya Krishnarajah
Florian Ingelfinger
Burkhard Becher
Research16 Dec 2021
Nature Aging

Volume: 2, P: 74-89
Gene-expression profiles and transcriptional regulatory pathways that underlie the identity and diversity of mouse tissue macrophages

By comparing gene-expression profiles, Randolph and colleagues distinguish different types of macrophages and pinpoint the differences between macrophages and dendritic cells.

Emmanuel L Gautier
Tal Shay
Christophe Benoist
Research30 Sept 2012
Nature Immunology

Volume: 13, P: 1118-1128
Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage

The transcriptional regulation of commitment to the dendritic cell (DC) lineage and functional specialization of DCs in vivo is poorly understood. In this Resource, Merad and colleagues identify the lineage relationships among various tissue DC subsets.

Jennifer C Miller
Brian D Brown
Christophe Benoist
Research15 Jul 2012
Nature Immunology

Volume: 13, P: 888-899
High-dimensional analysis of the murine myeloid cell system

Myeloid cells show great phenotypic and functional diversity. Newell and colleagues use mass cytometry with a panel of 38 mouse myeloid markers to describe myeloid cell phenotypic diversity in unprecedented depth within eight different tissues.

Burkhard Becher
Andreas Schlitzer
Evan W Newell
Research12 Oct 2014
Nature Immunology

Volume: 15, P: 1181-1189
ImmGen at 15

Nature Immunology’s 20^th anniversary is a good opportunity to reminisce about the ImmGen collective endeavor — its goals, successes and horror stories — and the group’s exploration of various modes of scientific publishing.

Stephanie Vargas Aguilar
Oscar Aguilar
Caroline Ziemkiewicz
Comments & Opinion23 Jun 2020
Nature Immunology

Volume: 21, P: 700-703

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