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Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

Here the authors describe oxidative C(sp3)−H amination and etherification reactions via a photoelectrochemical pathway, which directly transforms easily available hydrocarbons into N-heterocycle and ether products under mild conditions.

The ultrathin oxide nanosheets obtained through previous approaches usually exhibit amorphism or polycrystallinity, which limit their properties towards electronic devices. Here, the authors synthesize ultrathin antimony oxide single crystals with high dielectric constant (~100) and large breakdown voltage (~5.7 GV m⁻¹).

The molecular mechanism underlying how lithocholic acid recapitulates the lifespan and healthspan benefits of calorie restriction is revealed to involve TULP3, sirtuins, v-ATPase and AMPK.

The study of magnetic-related phenomena under high-pressure conditions currently presents significant challenges. The authors develop an in-situ magnetic imaging technique at megabar pressures, revealing the magnetic transition of magnetite.

Seafood methylmercury contamination is a global food safety issue. A model is developed to explore the impact of China’s municipal wastewater policies on seafood safety and reductions in methylmercury exposure.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease. Here, the authors show that BTLA expression in CD4⁺ T cells is associated with disease severity and inflammation in hepatitis B virus-related ACLF.

Lithocholic acid is one of the metabolites upregulated during calorie restriction, and treatment of mice, worms and flies with this bile acid alone can reproduce the health benefits of calorie restriction.

The performance of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is limited by the carrier recombination at their electron extraction interface. Here, the authors assemble binary 2D perovskites for efficient charge transport and realizing stable perovskite/silicon tandems with device efficiency over 30%.

Wang et al. clarify the regional heterogeneity of intestinal AMPs and identify that chromatin accessibility determines the potential of BATFs to regulate AMPs at the pre-transcriptional level, thus shaping the regional heterogeneity of AMPs.

The paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) exerts an indispensable role in body weight control. Here, authors demonstrate the role of PVH RUVBL2 in suppressing food intake and reveal two anorexigenic circuits of PVHRUVBL2 → ARCPOMC and PVHRUVBL2 → DMH.

Magnetic phases that are stabilized by quantum fluctuations in low dimensions are rare. A thickness-dependent crossover from three-dimensional antiferromagnetism to a two-dimensional vestigial nematic state that is driven by fluctuations has now been observed.

A diamond storage medium that uses fluorescent vacancy centres as robust storage units provides a high storage density of 14.8 Tbit cm⁻³.

van der Waals magnets can be arranged into twisted heterostructures, with the twisting leading to the formation of new magnetic phases. Here, Li, Sun, and coauthors show via NVcentre based magnetometry small angle twisted double trilayer CrI₃ exhibits a co-existing, hybrid magnetic phase with distinct phase transition temperatures.

An engineered sensor NLR RGA5^HMA5 carrying multiple resurfaced interfaces was generated to confer complete resistance to the rice blast fungus strains expressing the non-corresponding effector AVR-PikD, paving a way to broaden the resistance spectra of NLRs.

A small-molecule aldolase inhibitor, aldolazin is reported and shown to selectively activate the lysosomal pool of AMPK, which has glucose-lowering effects in rodents.

Bilayer graphene (BLG) is promising for optoelectronic applications due to its tunable bandgap, but its large-area growth on Cu substrates is still challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate the fast synthesis of high-coverage meter-scale BLG on commercial Cu foils by introducing CO₂ during the growth.

We discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, realizing the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.

Weak force-activated covalent bonds as crosslink points can increase mechanical strength and ductility in polymers but the bonds, once broken, cannot be reformed in real time under ambient conditions leading to irreversible damage. Here, the authors demonstrate that triazolinedione (TAD)-indole adducts acting as crosslink points enable materials to display already at ambient temperature reversible stress-responsiveness in real time.

Altered dosage of developmental regulators such as transcription factors can result in disorders, such as FOXG1 syndrome. Here, the authors demonstrate the utility of SMASh technology for modulating protein dosage by modeling FOXG1 syndrome using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and neural organoids.

The bandgap of 2D molybdenum disulfide can be tuned uniformly, reproducibly and precisely over a large range by using a glass sphere support and changing the diameter of the spheres.

ATP13A2 is a lysosomal polyamine transporter, mutated in several diseases including juvenile-onset Parkinson’s disease. Here, the authors report structures of human ATP13A2 in six distinct intermediate states, illustrating most of its conformational cycle.

Cell free DNA is produced through a non-random process. Here, the authors use orientation-aware fragmentation analysis to identify DNA methylation as a regulator of nuclease function.

The water-to-land transition of vertebrates is a landmark event in evolutionary history. This work utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the adaptations in African lungfish lungs and gills to terrestrialization.

The molecular target of the antidiabetic medicine metformin is identified as PEN2, a subunit of γ-secretases, and the PEN2–ATP6AP1 axis offers potential targets for screening for metformin substitutes.

This Review discusses the physics of nonreciprocal radiation and Kirchhoff’s law generalization in the context of nanophotonics-enabled nonreciprocal thermal applications.

Glucose starvation activates AMPK via an AMP/ADP-independent mechanism that involves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and aldolase.