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Accurate identification of cell types in vast single-cell datasets is a major challenge. Here, authors deliver scICE, a computational tool that ensures clustering consistency with up to 30-fold speed improvement, empowering more robust and rapid insights.

Cracks in material are not always unwanted; sometimes, they can be manipulated to produce micro and nanoscale patterns. Here, Kim et al. report a cracking-assisted nanofabrication technique based on conventional photolithography process, which allows accurate control over the geometry of the nanopatterns in arbitrary shape.

Using a topological inverse design process with finite-difference time-___domain simulations, the authors fabricate high-numerical-aperture red, green and blue achromatic metalenses for compact near-eye displays using a scalable roll-to-plate technique.

Disulfide bonds play a key role in the stability of proteins. Here, the authors show such bonds are efficiently reformed after UV photolysis in L-cysteine in solution using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.

Time-resolved femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) is a powerful technique to monitor structural transitions in protein crystals at the atomic level, but its use in non-protein synthetic materials remains limited. Now TR-SFX has been used to visualize the structural dynamics of metal–organic frameworks, showing the potential of this tool to study the dynamic motion of crystalline porous materials.

Transition states are elusive transient species in chemical reactions. Here, the authors achieve the experimental characterization of the transition state in predissociation of methylamine in its excited state using double resonance spectroscopy.

Femtosecond X-ray liquidography is used to track the vibrational wavepacket trajectories of gold atoms in solution, enabling time-resolved observations of the emergence of vibrations and the evolution of the formation of covalent bonds.

The hydrophobic surfaces of many two-dimensional (2D) materials prevents direct exfoliation in water without the use of chemical, surfactant, or surface treatments. Here, the authors exfoliate and disperse 2D materials in pure water via simple control of the temperature of the sonication bath and storage.

Inspired by semi-aquatic animals, such as water striders and fisher spiders, that can exhibit a unique locomotion mechanism involving jumping on water, the authors find the scale dependency of water jumping performance and verify it with a theoretical model and robots with improved jumping performance.

3D photonic nanostructures can manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, but their bottom-up fabrication is hindered by limited structural control. Here, the authors present chiral 3D structures through multi-dimensional transfer printing of multilayer quantum dot patterns.

The timely and continuous measurement of cortical maps is required for studying the nature and plasticity of brain maps. In this work, we developed the multichannel graphene array that enables high-resolution brain mapping, facilitating rapid and repetitive assessments of brain maps. The advanced graphene array with intervening thru-hole enables large-scale mapping simultaneously in the surface and deep of cortical areas, also improving conformality for better detection of electrocorticography signals. In a subset of the graphene array, cortical surface stimulation can remodel cortical maps, therein enhancing cortical plasticity. This technology provides potential therapeutic applications for various brain disorders by correcting brain maps.

Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis is limited by noise and high dimensionality. Here, authors present scLENS, a tool that automates accurate signal detection without manual input, particularly in complex datasets.

Obtaining experimental evidence of a liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled water is challenging due to the rapid crystallization. Here the authors drive low-density amorphous ice to the conditions of liquid-liquid coexistence using ultrafast laser heating and observe the liquid-liquid phase transition with femtosecond x-ray laser pulses.

The phase transition between water and ice is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. Here, the authors conduct a time-resolved x-ray scattering experiment using X-ray Free Electron Lasers to elucidate a comprehensive picture of the melting and recrystallization dynamics of crystalline ice, based on direct structural information.

Complex magnetic nanostructures can be fabricated by using low-energy protons to convert paramagnetic oxide materials into metallic ferromagnets.

It is shown that vanadium dioxide thin films can reversibly accommodate hydrogen within their lattice structures, while demonstrating an insulator–metal–insulator phase modulation with hydrogen doping.

Rodin and Dou et al. characterized genome-wide somatic mutation in autistic and control brains, revealing that even unaffected individuals may possess dozens of brain somatic mutations and providing insight into the role of somatic mutation in autism.

Accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in its earliest stage can prevent the disease and delay the symptoms. Here the authors identify a potential Alzheimer’s biomarker from tear fluid, and develop a nanoparticle-based immunoassay for its detection, demonstrating potential in Alzheimer’s diagnosis.

Direct and real-time observation of the excess holes in an element-specific and energylevel-specific manner is a challenging task. Here the authors present a complete hole dynamics of photo-excited anatase TiO₂ with 100 femto-second resolution.

Tomato rhizosphere microbiome alterations that contribute to bacterial wilt resistance are detected using metagenomics.

Pump–probe measurements conventionally achieve femtosecond time resolution for X-ray crystallography of reactive processes, but the measured structural dynamics are complex. Using coherent control techniques, we show that the ultrafast crystallographic differences of a fluorescent protein are dominated by ground-state vibrational processes that are unconnected to the photoisomerization reaction of the chromophore.

Metal-air batteries, operated in ambient air, suffer from irreversible redox reactions, limiting their energy density. Herein, the authors present a solid electrolyte-based sodium-air battery with a reversible carbonate reaction, facilitated by the in-situ formed catholyte enabled by moisture.

MicroRNAs are potentially powerful biomarkers, though clinical use requires rapid and reliable profiling. Here the authors report amplification-free multicolour single-molecule imaging with single base mismatch sensitivity.

Volcano plots for electrocatalytic hydrogen production show the best catalysts as those ensuring the hydrogen binding step is thermodynamically neutral. Here, the authors report fabrication of a highly active thermoneutral electrocatalyst via doping of a single platinum atom into a gold nanocluster.

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

Single cell genome sequencing approaches have identified somatic copy number variants (CNVs) in human neurons, but small sample sizes (<100 neurons) have limited the power to find recurrent patterns such as CNV hotspots in a single individual. Here, the authors develop an approach to map CNVs in 2097 neurons from a neurotypical individual, finding that >10% neurons contain at least one somatic CNV, and enabling deeper investigation of these events.

Dynamic angular tuning of thermal emission is a problem in the field of thermal metasurfaces. Here, the authors make a thermal emission device using electrostatic gates, opening an avenue for radiative heat management and mid-infrared communication.

Though active metasurfaces have been attractive for applications requiring control of optical wavefronts, realizing metasurfaces with full phase control remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a metasurface design strategy for enhanced dynamic phase modulation and tunability.

Monoclonal antibodies with broadly neutralizing activity are being developed as potential treatment of influenza infections. Here, the authors describe a broadly neutralizing antibody with an unusual mode of binding to viral haemagglutinin, which has been isolated from patients convalescent from pandemic H1N1 influenza infection.