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Organ regeneration by transplantation of ESC/iPSC-derived tissues is a promising but still challenging approach. Here Lin et al. show that liver damage caused by a chemical insult induces not only fibrosis but also Lgr5⁺ cell expansion that can be further promoted by treatment with HGF/R-spondin1.

Between 2013 and 2017, China enacted a series of policies to improve air quality by promoting a switch to cleaner fuels for households. This study examines the changes in energy cost and associated energy burden across regions and income groups during this period, finding an increased burden on rural households.

A plant-specific GCN5-containing histone acetyltransferase complex, which was termed PAGA, cooperates with the conserved GCN5-containing SAGA complex to regulate histone acetylation, transcription and development.

Cas12f proteins are small and sought after for therapeutic applications. Here the authors report six bacterial Cas12f1 proteins with nuclease activity in mammalian cells, perform sgRNA and protein engineering to generate variants with enhanced editing and broader PAMs, apply an inducible version in vivo.

Fu, Sun, Xue, Zhou et al. show that the mitoprotease LONP1 selectively degrades a complex II component to control intracellular succinate levels, which is needed for white-to-beige adipocyte cell fate programming during adipocyte thermogenic remodelling.

Heterogeneous geminal-atom catalysts, which pair single-atom sites in specific coordination and spatial proximity, offer a new avenue for the sustainable manufacture of fine chemicals.

Materials with oxygen hyperstoichiometry received great attention in solid oxide fuel cells field because of the low activation energy of interstitial ion migration. Here the authors revealed the relationship between the structure and oxide ion migration for the whole series of CeNbO4+δ compounds.

Blood vessels help macrophage entry. Zhou et al. show that activated microvessels serve as critical portals for macrophage entry to boost inflammation after spinal cord injury.

Designing an efficient electrocatalyst of hydrogen oxidation reaction is highly critical for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here the authors report implanting oxophilic metal atoms in PtRu nanowires to significantly improve the mass activity, stability, and resistance to CO-poisoning for hydrogen oxidation.

Multiple pathogenic viruses are identified in a large set of pangolins, which shows that trading pangolins for scales or flesh may increase the risk of emergence of viral infections.

Three classes of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes exist in Arabidopsis that differentially regulate chromatin accessibility, gene expression and development.

The Shigella effector OspC3 is activated by binding of host calmodulin to its ADP-riboxanase ___domain. Structural analyses reveal the mechanisms of caspase-4 substrate recruitment and NAD⁺-dependent arginine ADP-riboxanation by OspC3.

Dongxin Lin, Philip Taylor, Li-Dong Wang and colleagues have now pooled three genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, finding two new risk loci at genome-wide significance and an HLA class II locus of significance in high-risk populations. They reanalyze the strength of evidence for previously published risk loci.

Weak topological insulators (WTI) remain difficult to be observed in experiments. Here, the authors discover a WTI state in RhBi₂, where the topological surface states with saddle points result in a van Hove singularity along the (100) direction near Fermi energy.

A periosteal stem cell specialized in intramembranous bone formation has been identified and was found to be essential for normal bone development and fracture healing.

The sequencing and assembly of the highly polymorphic oyster genome through a combination of short reads and fosmid pooling, complemented with extensive transcriptome analysis of development and stress response and proteome analysis of the shell, provides new insight into oyster biology and adaptation to a highly changeable environment.

This study analyses radio observations of the jet in galaxy M87, from which the existence of a spinning black hole that induces Lense–Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk is inferred.

CD133 and Notch1 double-positive GSCs were preferentially located along Jagged1-expressing white matter tracts, which exhibited a demyelinated phenotype. The NOTCH1–SOX9–SOX2 positive-feedback loop controls GSC invasion along white matter tracts.

Binding of RNA polymerase II during zygotic genome activation in mouse embryos is determined using the newly developed method Stacc–seq.

A study using a reverse genetic screen reveals that the Arabidopsis DREAM complex, including its components TCX5/6, functions as a whole in repressing DNA methylation maintenance genes and, consequently, precluding DNA hypermethylation.

The Drosophila R8 photoreceptor separates signals for image perception and circadian photoentrainment by co-releasing histamine and acetylcholine, and this segregation is further established in the postsynaptic circuitry in the medulla.

The authors introduce a variant GCaMP that is targeted to axons. Due to its strong brightness, signal-to-noise ratio, and photostability, this tool, named axon-GCaMP, enables robust Ca²⁺ imaging in individual axons, including in vivo in awake mice.

A scalable approach is provided for preparing and verifying intermediate-scale genuine entanglement on a 66-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) complexes provide insight into the tethered activation mechanism of aGPCRs and show the potential for rational design of agonists.

Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite provide catalytically active interfaces for CO2 electrolysis. The authors promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5 O6−δ perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations.

The moth Plutella xylostella during its larval stage is the host of the endoparasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis. Here the authors show that the parasitoids deliver microRNAs to their hosts through their symbiotic virus and specialized cells leading to induced developmental delay.

Multifunctional materials with a number of effects are important for dealing with the complex environment in cancer therapy. Here, the authors report on surface-oxidized arsenene nanosheets coated with polydopamine and cancer cell membrane as a multi theranostic tumour targeting cancer therapy.

A randomized trial in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 showed no benefit and potentially increased harm associated with the use of convalescent plasma, with subgroup analyses suggesting that the antibody profile in donor plasma is critical in determining clinical outcomes.

Technical advancements have significantly improved early diagnosis of cervical cancer, but accurate diagnosis is still difficult due to various practical factors. Here, the authors develop an artificial intelligence assistive diagnostic solution to improve cervical liquid-based thin-layer cell smear diagnosis according to clinical TBS criteria in a large multicenter study.

A distance-dependent two-way magnetic resonance tuning platform combined with dual-contrast enhanced subtraction imaging enables quantitative sensing and imaging in deep tissues with minimal background noise.

High-speed two-photon laser scanning microscopy using a passive laser scanner based on free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay achieves frame rates suitable for voltage imaging in vivo in the mouse brain.

The central circadian clock in Drosophila is made up of ~ 150 anatomically distributed neurons; the circuits underlying photoentrainment is unclear. This study describes ex vivo patch-clamp recording of the eye-mediated light response of all known circadian clock neurons, and shows that they are organized in parallel circuits centered around a hub.

Multimodal biological data is challenging to analyze. Here, the authors develop UnitedNet, an explainable deep neural network for analyzing single-cell multimodal biological data and estimating relationships between gene expression and other modalities with cell-type specificity.

Endocrine factors have been shown to alter functions of pathogenic Th17 cells that are involved in autoimmunity. Here the authors study the influence of growth hormone releasing hormone receptor and show that this receptor is found on Th17 cells and promotes ocular autoimmunity.

Mechanistic modeling of enhancer-RNA sheds light on the role of transcription factors and their interactions in the context of estrogen- induced transcriptional program in breast cancer. Integrating snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics data reveals spatially altered profiles of genes, cell populations, intracellular molecular networks, cell-cell and cell-afferent cross-talks, in the spinal cord during neuropathic pain

Up-conversion photoluminescence in colloidal quantum dots is generally believed to be mediated by thermal activation from defect states. Here, the authors reveal that highly-efficient up-conversion photoluminescence instead is related to electron-phonon coupling.

The interaction between a GPCR, such as the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R), and arrestin depends on the receptors’ phosphorylation pattern. Here authors use FRET and NMR to analyze the phosphorylation patterns of the V2R-arrestin complex and show that phospho-interactions are the key determinants of selective arrestin conformational states and correlated functions.