Search

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In a cluster-randomized trial conducted across 70 medical centers in six countries, a 16-week structured educational program for healthcare providers improved adherence to guidelines for rhythm control but not for stroke prevention in individuals with atrial fibrillation.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

A machine learning model incorporating a wide range of administrative medical and demographic data from the US Army outperformed suicide risk screening questions in predicting suicide attempts over the 6 month period following soldiers’ annual medical examinations.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Using more than 300 serum samples from individuals with an age range of 1-88 years old, the authors here show that older adults possess higher breadth of antibody reactivity to avian influenza virus (AIV) neuraminidases, potentially explaining the age-specific risks of AIV human infections.

The molecular alterations driving anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer are unclear. Here, the authors show, using a network-based approach, that inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is necessary to develop resistance and that increasing the activity of the pathway enhances the anti-androgen response.

Using a sample of more than 1 million individuals, Hatoum et al. identify genomic loci associated with general and substance-specific addiction risk.

Data from over 700,000 individuals reveal the identity of 83 sequence variants that affect human height, implicating new candidate genes and pathways as being involved in growth.

Phenotypic variation and diseases are influenced by factors such as genetic variants and gene expression. Here, Barbeira et al. develop S-PrediXcan to compute PrediXcan results using summary data, and investigate the effects of gene expression variation on human phenotypes in 44 GTEx tissues and >100 phenotypes.

Exome-wide analysis identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index. Gene-based meta-analysis and functional studies implicate 13 genes, eight of which are novel, and neuronal pathways as factors in human obesity.

Genome analysis of modern and historical elephant seals reveals impacts of a severe bottleneck on the genomes and fitness of individual seals, and the implications for recovery.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

Prioritizing drug repurposing candidates for downstream studies remains challenging. Here, the authors present a high-throughput approach to identify and validate drug repurposing candidates, integrating human gene expression, drug perturbation, and clinical data from publicly available resources.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

The beta variant (B.1.351) is to date the most resistant to neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using nonhuman primates, Seder and colleagues demonstrate that double vaccination with a high dose of the lipid nanoparticle vaccine mRNA-1273 protects against infection with the beta variant.

A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.

Cardiovascular events are the main cause of mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis (MASH). Here, the authors show that lanifibranor improves cardiometabolic health - insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation and hepatic steatosis.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Fenofibrate has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Results from a randomized clinical trial show that treating patients with COVID-19 with fenofibrate has no significant effect on clinically relevant outcomes.

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.

One of the key aspects for controlling infectious diseases is understanding how pathogens cross host species. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide analysis of Salmonella and show a high degree of variation, enabling host-adapted colonization among Salmonellaintestinal and systemic serovars.

The fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is killing European common ash trees. Here, the authors sequence the genome of H. fraxineus and show that European populations were founded by two divergent haploid individuals introduced from Asia.

John Perry, Ken Ong and colleagues analyze genotype data on ∼370,000 women and identify 389 independent signals that associate with age at menarche, implicating ∼250 genes. Their analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of BMI, between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men.

This participant-level pooled analysis of the three phase 3 trials that have tested the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes provides an integrated view of the mortality, cardiovascular and renal effects of this treatment.

Vaccines are vital for protecting us against infectious diseases, but they have also been linked with the development of autoimmunity. In this article, the authors discuss the causal and temporal interactions between vaccines and autoimmune phenomena, and possible mechanisms by which different components of vaccines might induce autoimmune disease.

Triggering and sustaining fusion reactions — with the goal of overall energy production — in a tokamak plasma requires efficient heating. Radio-frequency heating of a three-ion plasma is now experimentally shown to be a potentially viable technique.

In a multinational trial, empagliflozin has clinical benefit when administered to hospitalized patients with acute heart failure, extending the reach of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy to this patient population.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.