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Rehmannia chingii is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that can produce iridoid glycoside. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and the elucidation of the iridoid biosynthetic pathway.

A microfluidic-based system enables fast screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through analysis of specific T-cell responses.

Natural variation of the F-box protein ZmFBL41 in maize confers resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal fungus for banded leaf and sheath blight in maize, through decreased interaction of ZmFBL41 with the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase ZmCAD.

The FDA-approved nanodrug ferumoxytol can relieve reactive oxygen species in haematopoietic stem cells, facilitating their post-injury regeneration.

Two genetically linked TdNLR genes from wild emmer wheat are both required for YrTD121-mediated stripe rust resistance. The TdNLR1 and TdNLR2 pair lacks an integrated ___domain, representing an uncommon architecture for paired NLRs in plants.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

Xia et al. report that tumor cell-expressed paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) interacts with the T cell surface protein CD99 to suppress T cell activity, proposing PILRα targeting to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Employing climate projections and power system modeling, the study finds that the return period for a hurricane-blackout-heatwave compound event comparable to Hurricane Ida (2021) will decrease by ~12–17 times by the end of the century due to heatwave and hurricane intensification.

While the STING-type-I interferon pathway plays a key role in anti-tumour immunity, current direct STING agonists have limited therapeutic benefit. Here, the authors identify ENPP1 as a safer and more effective STING-modulating target than direct STING agonism, and use an AI-based drug design platform to design the ENPP1-selective inhibitor ISM5939.

Endosomal escape is the major limitation in LNP delivery efficency. Here, the authors report on endosomolytic chloroquine-like lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery and genome editing by integrating the chloroquine scaffold into ionizable lipids, demonstrating improved transfection in vivo.

Real-time road damage detection is crucial for public transportation management. Here, authors present a lightweight neural network framework that enables efficient surface distress recognition on mobile devices for transportation engineering.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Lu et al. report a pathway that reprograms protein quality control under stress. Identified in a Caenorhabditis elegans screen and characterized in mammalian systems, L3MBTL1 and its partner SETD8 modulate proteotoxicity and are deregulated in patients with ALS/FTD.

Polynary perovskite oxides are promising air electrodes for rSOCs, with configuration entropy (S_config) often linked to reactivity. However, high S_config alone does not strongly correlate with performance. This study develops a model identifying key descriptors to guide high-activity oxide discovery.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

Layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are generally formed by covalently bonded atoms, enabling mechanical exfoliation only in the out-of-plane direction. Here, the authors show the fabrication of fractional 2/3-layers of WTe₂ and other TMDs by applying local scanning tunneling microscopy tip pulses and controllably removing the topmost chalcogen atoms.

The authors reported an interfacial composite design that accommodates high oxide fraction and large stretchability, providing implications for developing stretchable composites with enhanced optical, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Shape morphing is crucial for soft robotics, but conventional methods often induce unwanted in-plane strain and rigidity. Authors propose pneumatic torsion strips inspired by Möbius strips, enabling localized, strain-free bending with tunable elastic energy for shape morphing.

The instability of quantum dot inks hinders the scaling up of colloidal quantum dot electronics. Now, Shi and team stabilize the inks with an iodine-rich environment in a weakly coordinating solvent, achieving 13.4% in small-area solar cells and over 10% in modules.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the function of different cellular states in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) remain poorly understood. Here, the authors perform integrated single cell and bulk analysis of GSCs and identify potential therapeutic targets.

This study presents a neuromorphic computing platform capable of learning cross-modal, event-driven signals for efficient real-time knowledge generalization. It also achieves zero-shot transfer learning for multimodal data.

Accessing analogs capable of mimicking ortho- and meta-substituted anilines remains challenging due to the lack of a versatile and modular synthetic method. Here, the authors present a modular approach to access a diverse array of saturated bioisosteres of anilines via photoelectrochemical-induced decarboxylative C(sp³)–N Coupling.

The family of two-dimensional materials is ever growing, but greater functionality can be realized by combining them together. Here, the authors report the direct synthesis of multijunction heterostructures made from graphene, tungsten diselenide and either molybdenum disulphide or molybdenum diselenide.

As immune checkpoint therapy is more frequently used for cancer, side effects such as Stevens-Johson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are becoming more common. Here the authors use single cell transcriptomics to implicate TNF and CXCL10 in recruitment of CXCR3⁺ cytotoxic T cell in SJS/TEN skin lesions.

Reverse osmosis of seawater is a popular though energy demanding process to produce freshwater. Interfacing reverse osmosis membranes with solar steam generation shows potential for a more efficient desalination process.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

IL-15 signals through STAT5 to modulate natural killer (NK) cell maturation, function and homeostasis, but the specific contributions of STAT5 dimers and tetramers are still unclear. Here the authors show that, while STAT5 dimers are sufficient for NK development, STAT5 tetramers are essential for NK homoeostasis by modulating apoptosis.

In this study, multiple μ-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy is used to determine blood glucose levels noninvasively in humans, achieving comparatively high accuracy in a clinical setting.

Unlike neonatal mammalian hearts, adult hearts have limited regenerative capacity. Here, the authors explore the use of extracellular vesicles collected from neonatal hearts flowing damage, explore the difference in protein expression and delivery potential to trigger myocardial repair.

Impaired mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (mtLCFAO) in type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells is thought to aggravate alveolar inflammation in acute lung injury. Here, the authors show that the mtLCFAO rate limiting enzyme CPT1a is decreased in AT2 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome, highlighting the role of mtLCFAO in immunometabolism in this context.

Chen et al. present a deep learning-based lead optimization model that combines generative artificial intelligence with structure-based approaches. The method is successfully applied to the design of drug-like molecules targeting the recently identified LTK protein target with high potency and selectivity.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

This study develops a climate-energy model for cascading power outages during climate extremes, validated by Hurricane Fiona’s blackout. It reveals unique resilience patterns and quantifies the effects of renewable integration and energy storage.

The authors report the transformation of an amorphous covalent organic framework to a crystalline state. This results in achieving optimum surface properties and enhances the photocatalytic production of hydrogen gas.

Although activated Notch receptors have been associated with chemoresistance in cancer, the role of specific Notch ligands remain elusive. Here, the authors show that in breast cells the Notch ligand DLL1 is expressed in cells with a cancer stem cell phenotype and promote doxorubicin resistance in part through NF-kB, as well as metastasis.

Processing heterogeneous visual data in edge-side intelligent machines is complex and inefficient. Here, the authors propose a hardware-software co-designed system using random resistive memory, achieving significant energy efficiency and training cost reductions.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.