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Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis of eight human heart tissues reveals the cellular profiles and tissue architecture of niches including the cardiac conduction system, and a new tool, drug2cell, identifies drug target expression.

One of the goals for devices using organic semiconductors is to make the materials themselves multifunctional or tunable, reducing the complexity of the device. Now, a film created by blending two components is shown to be phototunable with bistable energy levels and has been used in an organic thin-film transistor.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a zoonotic pathogen endemic in bicoloured white-toothed shrews in Central Europe that can cause fatal encephalitis in humans and other mammals. Here, the authors investigate the molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of BoDV-1 using newly collected and archived samples.

A defining feature of retroviruses compared to other +ssRNA viruses is reverse transcription. Here, Köppke et al. show that retroviruses (e.g. HIV-1) can produce viral proteins even in the absence of reverse transcription.

Rustrela virus (RusV) was detected in the brains of 27 out of 29 domestic cats with ‘staggering disease’, but not of 29 control cats. This suggests RusV as the long-sought causative agent of ‘staggering disease’, which had been obscure for 50 years.

Blends of different polymer compounds are widely used for organic field-effect transistors. Here, Neher and colleagues show that moderate carrier doping is important to achieve maximum performance in blends of insulating and semiconducting polymers.

Mixed ionic–electronic transport in conducting polymers remains poorly understood. Here the authors observe non-equilibrium electronic transport when counterions are unable to equilibrate in response to gate-injected electronic carriers.

Anaerobic digesters play an important role in biodegradation. In the MiDAS 5 project, the authors use global 16S rRNA sequencing to expand the microbial reference database, improving taxonomic classification and revealing how environmental factors and geography shape microbial communities in anaerobic digesters.

Dissolved organic matter is persistent in soil owing to continuous consumption and transformation rather than owing to its recalcitrant molecular properties, according to analyses of molecular changes of dissolved organic matter as it passes through soil.

Understating degradation pathways is critical to the development of perovskite photovoltaics. Thiesbrummel et al. show that internal electric field screening induced by ion migration is a dominant contributor to the operational performance loss of perovskite solar cells.

Combined patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing of human neurocortical neurons shows an expansion of glutamatergic neuron types relative to mouse that characterizes the greater complexity of the human neocortex.

Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, Munk et al. analyse ARGs in hundreds of sewage samples from 101 countries and describe regional patterns, diverse genetic environments of common ARGs, and ARG-specific transmission patterns.

Changes in dielectric constant due to intimate mixing of thiophene molecules with different gaps between ionization energy and electron affinity induce gap variations at the single-particle level, finely tunable by controlling the mixture ratio.

Unmet expectations, a previously uncharacterized fly protein, is a SAM sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. Tracing the evolution of Unmet reveals that the pathway uses the GATOR2 complex to capture and repurpose ancestral enzymes as nutrient sensors.

Understanding and being able to predict alignment between the electrode Fermi energy and the transport states in the organic semiconductor is important. Here, the authors report an electrostatic model, capable of reproducing the full range of interfacial energy level alignment regimes.

Phytochromes are photoreceptors that are present in plants, bacteria and fungi. Here the authors present crystal structures of the phytochrome Agp2 from Agrobacterium fabrum in the parent Pfr state as well as a functional Meta-F intermediate and discuss mechanistic implications for photoconversion.

Hybrid inorganic-organic structures can overcome the limits of inorganic semiconductor light emitting devices but the energy level offset is an obstacle. Here, Schlesinger et al.lower the ZnO work function with an organometallic donor monolayer and enhance the radiative emission of the hybrid structure.

Liver resident CD8 T cells have an essential role in immunopathology in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, by becoming auto-aggressive following sequential transcriptional and metabolic activation steps .

A study of patients with COVID-19 and healthy donors found CD4⁺ T cells that react to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses; however, the effect of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells on clinical outcomes remains to be determined.

Stuart Macregor, Tien Wong and colleagues report meta-analyses that identify 16 new loci associated with central corneal thickness. They also identify two loci associated with risk of developing keratoconus, a common corneal ectasia.

Cation engineering has been used to tune the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, Jodlowski et al. introduce guanidinium, a cation slightly larger than previously thought possible, mixed with the traditional methylammonium cation, into the 3D structure, improving device stability.

An investigation on Lewis acids reveals a mechanism for p-type doping of semiconducting polymers based on the formation of water–Lewis acid complexes, protonation of the polymer and electron transfer between neutral and charged chain segments.

The activation of cleavable organometallic dimers upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation allows air-stable n-type doping of organic materials with electron affinity lower than the expected thermodynamic reducing strength of the dimers.

We demonstrate plasmonic micro-racetrack modulators for intensity-modulated transmission at 408 Gbps and 12.3 femtojoules per bit. The modulators offer wide bandwidth and the devices show improved temperature stability over conventional approaches.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Although an isolated individual molecule clearly has only one ionization potential, multiple values are found for molecules in ordered assemblies. By understanding this phenomenon, design rules for improving organic electronic interfaces can be derived.

The fundamental mechanisms of doping organic semiconductors are poorly understood compared with their inorganic counterparts. Here, the authors demonstrate that small conjugated molecules and conjugated polymers exhibit fundamentally different phenomena upon doping despite similar compositions.

Sugar beet provides around one third of the sugar consumed worldwide and serves as a significant source of bioenergy. A series of laboratory experiments suggests that the transporter BvTST2.1 is responsible for sucrose uptake in the vacuoles of sugar beet taproots.

Fruitflies require Sestrin to regulate mTORC1 signalling in response to dietary leucine, survive a diet low in leucine, and control leucine-sensitive physiological characteristics, which establishes Sestrin as a physiologically relevant leucine sensor.

Analysis of the kinase activity of 300 protein Ser/Thr kinases reveals that the substrate specificity of the kinome is substantially more diverse than expected and is driven extensively by negative selectivity

Rhodopsin is a light-activated G-protein-coupled receptor. The structure of its ligand-free state at 2.9 Å resolution was reported recently. This paper describes a similar resolution crystal structure of the same protein bound to a fragment of G-protein and suggests a mechanism by which G-proteins might be activated by G-protein-coupled receptors.

Obtaining data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from healthy human populations is difficult. Here, Hendriksen et al. use metagenomic analysis to obtain AMR data from untreated sewage from 79 sites in 60 countries, finding correlations with socio-economic, health and environmental factors.

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are defined as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. Here, the authors complete whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq to characterize 51 PCNSLs, and find common mutations in immune pathways and upregulated TERT expression and find distinct pathway differences between DLBCL and other primary CNS lymphomas.

The Krüppel-like factors Klf4 and Klf5 have wide roles in cell biology including the regulation of pluripotency. In this study, Aksoy et al. demonstrate that Klf4 preferentially blocks the expression of endodermal markers in embryonic stem cells, whereas Klf5 negatively regulates mesodermal factors.

The kinase RIPK3 initiates necroptosis, which has been reported to promote inflammation in various pathological conditions. Here, the authors show that genetic ablation of Ripk3results in adipocyte apoptosis and white adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice, which promotes glucose intolerance.

The assembly of the splicesome involves several distinct stages that require the sequential action of DExD/H-box RNA helicases. Here, the authors uncover a new intermediate, the pre-B complex, that accumulates in the presence of an inactive form of the DEAD-box protein Prp28.

An integrated analysis of over 100 single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies illustrates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry gene coexpression patterns across different human tissues, and shows association of age, smoking status and sex with viral entry gene expression in respiratory cell populations.