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Kondo interaction can mediate intertwined charge and magnetic orders in 2D d-electron systems. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, the authors reveal that Fe(I) atoms mediate atomic scale √3x√3 spatial coherence among charge density wave, Kondo physics, and ferromagnetism in the 2D ferromagnet Fe₅GeTe₂.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

Chen et al. show that subtypes of immune cells in prenatal human brain promote angiogenesis in the germinal matrix. Conversely, in preterm infants, proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage.

The persistence of myofibroblasts after wound healing is ultimately responsible for scarring. Here, the authors show that fibromodulin enhances interleukin 1β ternary complex formation, promoting myofibroblast apoptosis and providing a potential strategy to mitigate scarring.

This paper identifies Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) as a novel modulator of steroid hormone signaling. TRIM28 deficiency disrupts uterine cell functions and composition leading to fertility defects

The RANK–RANKL pathway drives intestinal epithelial expansion in pregnancy and lactation.

EY6A, a neutralizing antibody isolated from a patient convalescing from COVID-19, binds the receptor binding ___domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with high affinity, at a ___location away from the binding site for the ACE2 receptor, similar to the one recognized by CR3022.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors exist as both homo- and heterodimers. Here, the authors report the mGlu2-4 receptor structures in the inactive, intermediate and active states, and reveal the reason for the partial activity of the mono-liganded dimers.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Low level of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activity in cancer cells is essential for the dependence on aerobic glycolysis. Here the authors show that PKM2 sulfhydration by hydrogen sulfide destabilizes the PKM2 tetramer, leading to reduced PKM2 enzyme activity and enhanced proliferation of breast cancer cells.

The transcription factor SOX17 is important for uterine gland formation, fertility, and embryo implantation in mouse. Here the authors show that SOX17 is upstream of Indian hedgehog to regulate mouse uterine receptivity, and their analysis of uterine tissue from endometriosis patients suggests the same function in humans.

Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically tunable metasurface with III–V semiconducting MQW structures as resonant metasurface elements. The amplitude and phase of the light reflected from the metasurface can be continuously tuned by applying DC electric field across the MQW metasurface elements.

In quantum random number generation, one has generally to choose between high speed and strong security. Here, the authors show how to bound several adversarial imperfections on state preparation and measurement, generating 8192 secure random bits every 0.12 s in real time using a simple apparatus.

P_1B-type ATPases export excess transition metals from cells. Here, the authors report a molecular structure of CopA, a coppertransporting P_1B-ATPase from A. fulgidus, in an inward-facing E1 conformation.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The authors find that calcium signaling triggers liquid–liquid phase separation of CaMKII. This reorganizes the postsynaptic structure, acting as a potential mechanism to increase the efficacy of synaptic transmission during memory formation.

Marine cyanobacteria contribute to global carbon balance by fixing CO₂ and the shift between CO₂ fixation and ATP production requires fine-tuning its metabolic fluxes to light–dark cycles. These cycles can be very short in marine environments due to sea currents and fast adaptation is key to avoid futile cycles. In this study, Lu et al. provide a mechanistic insight into how this process is tightly regulated.

Analyses of the genome sequences and expression data for two closely related mycoheterotrophic orchid species provide insights into the genomic basis underlying the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.

A recombinant vaccine that targets the receptor-binding ___domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces a potent antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates, and protects primates from infection with the virus.

Early cancer detection by cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is challenged by the low amount of tumour DNA in cfDNA, tumour heterogeneity and the small patient cohorts. Here, the authors develop a method, cfMethyl-Seq, for cost-effective methylome profiling of cfDNA and for detecting and locating cancer.

Using nanobodies labeled with FRET fluorophores, the authors show the presence and activation of GPCR mGlu2 and mGlu4 dimers in mouse brain samples and reveal that mGlu2–mGlu4 is the major form of mGlu4-containing dimers outside the cerebellum.

Double seismic zones are a feature of some subducting slabs, where intermediate-depth earthquakes align along two separate planes. Here, the authors show the anisotropic thermal conductivity of antigorite along slab subduction to impact the seismicity of these earthquakes.

Cryo-electron microscopy structure of heterodimeric GABA_B receptor in complex with G_i1 protein reveals that the mode of G-protein binding in this class-C G-protein-coupled receptor differs from that of other classes.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of homo- and heterodimers of mGlu2 and mGlu7 provide insights into their dimerization modes and the subunit conformational changes that characterize the activation of these class C G-protein-coupled receptors.

Chen et al. describe a new subtype of reactive astrocyte formed by APOE-mediated lipid accumulation in individuals with epilepsy and mouse models. These reactive astrocytes aggravate seizure symptoms and could serve as new therapeutic targets for epilepsy.

LKB1 is frequently mutated in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Here, the authors show that sole LKB1 depletion is sufficient to drive the development of this cancer, where downstream defective MKK7-JNK1/2 signalling activates the ∆Np63/p63 pathway to induce subsequent epithelial cells transformation and tumour progression.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting in reduced mucus clearance and impaired lung function. Here, the authors show that mutations in PIH1D3 are responsible for an X-linked form of PCD, affecting assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins.

Brummitt et al. show how supply-chain disruptions can spread contagiously throughout an economy. Adaptations to frequent disruptions can lead to the emergence of a poverty trap. Implications for ‘big push’ economic development policies are discussed.

The adaptor protein zyxin is known for its mechanosensing function in the maintenance of actin network. Here the authors show that zyxin is key to blood homeostasis and thrombosis by controlling the endothelial release of von Willebrand factor and the formation of actin scaffolds on exocytic granules.

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to drive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and thereby cytokine storm, but how it does so is unclear. Here the authors show that the viral N protein can bind to NLRP3, resulting in enhanced interaction with ASC and thereby with the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Here, a long noncoding RNA, termed Mhrt, is identified in the loci of myosin heavy chain (Myh) genes in mice and shown to be capable of suppressing cardiomyopathy in the animals, as well as being repressed in diseased human hearts.

Zeroth-order optimization is used on problems where no explicit gradient function is accessible, but single points can be queried. Hoffman et al. present here a molecular design method that uses zeroth-order optimization to deal with the discreteness of molecule sequences and to incorporate external guidance from property evaluations and design constraints.

In a phase 2a clinical trial in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, dual inhibition of sodium–glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 with 150 mg of licogliflozin led to reductions in serum alanine aminotranferase levels.

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is an enzyme that promotes scaffolding of extracellular matrix proteins. Here the authors show that LOXL2 is crucial for pressure-overload induced cardiac fibrosis, and that antibody-mediated inhibition or genetic disruption ofLoxl2in mice shows therapeutic potential for treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

The (G4C2)-RNA hexanucleotide repeat expansion upstream of the start codon of the C9orf72 gene plays a critical role in familial ALS. The authors show that Sig1R, a ligand-regulated molecular chaperone, counteracts the aberrant nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Ran caused by the (G4C2)-RNA repeats.

Therapeutic angiogenesis has the potential of inducing and maintaining new blood vessels and thus improving outcomes in patients with ischemic disorders. Mannosamine functions as an endothelial cell mitogen/survival factor through activation of stress pathways and might be useful to protect and regenerate the vascular endothelium in a variety of disorders.

Two-dimensional magnets with intrinsic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic ordering are highly desirable for future spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate a chemical vapor deposition approach to controllably grow ultrathin FeTe crystals with antiferromagnetic tetragonal and ferromagnetic hexagonal phase, showing a thickness-dependent magnetic transition.

Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with a decrease in expression of the adult isoform of the molecular motor myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) and the induction of expression of its fetal isoform (β-MHC). Here the authors reveal the mechanism regulating this switch in expression, which impairs heart function. Cardiac stress in adult hearts reactivates the developmental chromatin-modifying complex Brg1/BAF, which interacts with histone deacetylase and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase to induce a pathological α-MHC-to-β-MHC shift.

Understanding the molecular basis of receptor activation requires characterizing the dynamic equilibrium of conformational states. Here the authors show that the metabotropic glutamate receptor oscillates between conformations on a sub-millisecond timescale, and agonists quantitatively shift the equilibrium towards the activated state based on their potency.

Genome-wide screens identify several genes, including MAZ, required for CTCF-mediated insulation. MAZ interacts with cohesin, and MAZ motif deletions derepress posterior Hox gene expression, leading to homeotic transformations in mouse.

A non-destructive soft-lock drawing method can achieve carbon nanotube arrays with ultraclean surfaces and a very high degree of alignment. Such arrays could be used as nano-sized electrical contacts of high-density monolayer MoS₂ transistors.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of apo, agonist- and positive allosteric modulator-bound forms of the GB1–GB2 heterodimer of the metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor shed light on the activation mechanism of this receptor.

Though multiplexing meta-holograms remains an attractive approach for realizing optical encoding, existing methods encode information based on the intensity of the holographic images. Here, the authors report vectorial metasurfaces that decouple and encode intensity and polarization information.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, nociception and avoidance behaviour are crucial for survival, but their modulation is poorly understood. Here, the authors describe a cross-inhibitory neural circuit between ASH and ASI sensory neurons that fine-tunes nociception and mediates adaptive avoidance behaviour.

In macrophages, Nox4 drives fatty acid metabolism, which in turn activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. This pathway can be pharmacologically targeted in vivo by inhibiting Nox4 to reduce S. pneumoniae infection in mice.