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Negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1) is identified as a negative regulator of thermotolerance in rice through the NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module. Modifying NAT1 by targeted gene editing increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

mRNA modifications like m⁵C are typically introduced by tRNA-modifying enzymes, while the catalytic mechanism and function remain debated. Here, the authors show that NSUN6 catalyzes tRNA and mRNA substrates in different ways, and that NSUN6 promotes breast cancer cell migration through mRNA m⁵C modification.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by rapid motor neuron (MN) degeneration, with unclear causes in sporadic cases. Here, the authors showed that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification drives ALS, and restoring it may protect MNs and lessen motor issues.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

The reason of mature tertiary lymphoid structures (mTLS) correlates with better prognosis and responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains incompletely understood. By employing sequencing and spatial transcriptomics strategies, the authors show that mTLS are enriched with progenitor exhausted CD4⁺ T cells that promotes activation of T and B cells.

Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth of an eco-friendly sustainable economy but separating individual rare earth elements remains challenging. Here, the authors report a REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metalorganic framework which is highly responsive to the size variation of rareearth ions.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The design of host-guest systems for switchable recognition of guests upon the change of external stimuli is challenging due to the invariable host-guest affinity. Here, the authors encode a dynamic motion into a porous crystal to regulate the diffusion of CO2 and C2H2 allowing the crystal to switch the gas recognition selectivity by temperature.

Here, the authors investigate the Raman spectra of few-layered WS₂ when the excitation energy is in resonance with the dark exciton, and observe a Fano resonance between dark excitonsand zone-edge acoustic phonons.

Natural vesicles typically consist of a lipid membrane enclosing substances. Now a coacervate vesicle formed by liquid–liquid phase separation of cholesterol-modified DNA and histones has been developed. Unlike traditional vesicles, these lack a membrane and feature a high-density liquid layer around a water-filled cavity, offering enhanced kinetic stability and potential as a biopharmaceutical delivery system.

The characterization of the surface structure and binding sites of materials is crucial for designing advanced materials for adsorption processes. Here, the authors use ¹⁷O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify specific CO₂ adsorption sites on MgO nanosheets.

Controllable deuteration of N-alkyl amines is crucial in drug-development as they constitute over 50% of the top-selling drugs. Here, the authors report a polymeric semiconductor acting as photocatalyst in water-splitting and in isotope alkanol-oxidation by photoexcited electron-hole pairs, and furnishing deuterated amines.

The assembly of giant silver clusters by using macrocylic multidentate ligand remains a challenge. Here, the authors synthesize a chromate-templated 88-nuclei silver super calix and reveal the role of anion templating effects and a hierarchical assembly mechanism.

Nitrate pollutants are known to contribute to a variety of environmental problems. Here, the authors suggest that nano-sized titanium dioxide, as used in numerous surface coatings, may catalyse the formation of nitrate via the photochemical reaction of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen.

Hybrid necrosis in wheat is caused by the complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. The underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, Si et al. demonstrated that a genetic interaction between the α/β hydrolase (Ne1) and the NLR immune receptor (Ne2) triggers autoimmune responses, inducing hybrid necrosis.

Wang et al. demonstrate that the vascular smooth muscle cell–dependent expression of TRPM7, an ion channel with kinase function, increases the levels of calcium and zinc and, thus, increases the MMP2 activity and contributes to the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune liver disease. Here, the authors show that variants in interleukin genes which potentially deregulate their expression are associated with this condition, and suggest that the IL21 signalling pathway may have a role in disease aetiology.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

The authors introduce a loss-enhanced magneto-optical effect and sublinearly amplify the frequency response of a non-Hermitian optical cavity under different background magnetic fields. This effect is exploited to detect subtle magnetic field variations against a strong background with enhanced system response and sensitivity.

The Newtonian gravitational constant is measured with two independent methods, yielding results with relative standard uncertainties of 11.6 parts per million—the lowest uncertainty reported until now.

The ability to withstand shear is one of the properties that distinguishes a solid from a liquid. The proposal of an elastic metamaterial that in one direction only supports compressional waves, and therefore is fluid-like, and in the other supports compressional as well as shear waves represents a hybrid between fluids and solids that may lead to new applications.

A global analysis of hydraulic traits in 1,922 woody plant species shows that wind speed has substantial effects on key traits related to plant water transport, independently of other climatic factors.

The detection of X-ray or gamma-ray spectral lines in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is rare. Here, the authors report a probable evidence of a narrow emission feature at about 2.1 mega-electron volts (MeV) in the spectrum of GRB 221023A, which represents the second event following GRB 221009A with a narrow emission feature in the MeV energy range.

Active cell contraction drives hole nucleation, fracture and crack propagation in a tissue monolayer through a process reminiscent of dewetting thin films.

Severe acne is a common skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation and potential scarring. Here, the authors have identified genetic variants at two loci associated with severe acne and provide insight into the genetic architecture and biological pathways underlying the disease.

Qing Wang and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese Han population. They identify a locus on chromosome 6p24.1 newly associated with CAD.

Sequencing of haploid sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, allows assembly of a prototypical version of the sugarcane chromosome set. This new reference genome will serve as a resource to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

Dynamic assembly and disassembly of primary cilia is critical for tissue development and homeostasis. Here the authors identify lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a physiological extracellular factor that initiates cilia disassembly through both YAP/TAZ mediated transcription and calcium/calmodulin mediated activation of Aurora A.