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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

The rich ethnolinguistic and sociocultural differences that exist in India offers a unique opportunity to study human diversity. With the whole genomes of 10,000 healthy and unrelated Indians from 83 populations, the GenomeIndia project captures the genetic diversity of one of the highly underrepresented populations in the global genomics landscape.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

Regulating the balance between T_H17 cells that drive autoimmune inflammation and nonpathogenic T_H17 cells is critical for limiting autoimmune pathology. Here, the authors extensively characterize these two cell states at the transcriptomic and epigenetic levels and show how BACH2 is protective in this context.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

The static and dynamic behavior of condensed phases residing on curved surfaces can be fundamentally different from their counterparts in Euclidean space. Singh et al. test several competing glass theories on colloidal liquids confined to the surface of a sphere and show they behave like 3D bulk liquids.

A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.

Analysis of the humoral and cellular immune response to the BBV152/Covaxin inactivated vaccine reveals that it induces a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory that persists for at least 6 months and shows somewhat reduced efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Measuring interaction energies from experimentally measured single-molecular interactions is challenging. Here, the authors report a gamma work distribution applied to single molecule pulling events for estimating peptide absorption free energy.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates COVID-19 disease progression in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.

Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations.

In this Journal Club, S. K. Singh and R. Singh discuss a study that used bioreactive, tumour microenvironment-modulating nanoparticles with doxorubicin to treat breast tumour xenograft-bearing mice, leading to reversal of immunosuppression and tumour shrinkage.

While synthetic active matter research has concentrated on developing point-like, interacting entities, designing freely jointed active assemblies from autonomously powered components has remained a challenge. Here, the authors introduce freely jointed active polymers created from self-propelled droplets, uncovering emergent rigidity and propulsion, thereby advancing towards self-morphic synthetic materials.

Serosurveillance studies show a heterogenous mix of the Indian population with immunity to COVID-19 due to vaccination or natural infection. Here, the authors enrol subjects representative of the general population, to assess whether pre-existing antibodies are further boosted by a single dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, BBV152.

In this disease mapping study, the authors estimate disability-adjusted life year rates for three of the major causes of mortality for children under five 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. They identify significant heterogeneity at the subnational level, highlighting the need for a targeted intervention approach.

Extracellular electron uptake (EEU) is the ability of microbes to take up electrons from solid-phase conductive substances such as metal oxides. Here, Guzman et al. show that electrons enter the photosynthetic electron transport chain and are used for CO₂ fixation during EEU in a phototrophic bacterium.

Ten new RNA polymerase II kinases were identified, of these Hrr25 was engineered to enable covalent and noncovalent chemical inhibition in vivo, revealing that this kinase regulates polymerase function at noncoding snoRNA genes.

Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is used to treat patients with Covid-19, but evidence for clinical benefit from clinical trials is divergent. Here the authors report in that CPT treatment does not affect mortality in patients with severe Covid-19 in phase 2 single center open label randomised controlled trial.

Active super-enhancers are highly and specifically hypermutated in 92% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma samples and display signatures of activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity, leading to the dysregulation of genes encoding B cell developmental regulators and oncogenes.

Molecular mechanism of how temperature-mediated control of bud break in perennial plants remains unclear. Here, the author show that transcriptional factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE and its downstream target TCP18 are negative regulators of hybrid aspen bud break.

An AP2/ERF family gene EBB1 and a MADS-box gene SVL encode two regulators of poplar bud break. Here, the authors report another AP2/ERF transcription factor EBB3, which functions together with EBB1, SVL, and cell cycle progression promoter CYCD3.1 to regulate poplar bud break.

Food allergy is a growing clinical and public health burden. Here, the authors carry out a genome-wide association study in samples with well-defined allergies to a variety of foods, and identify the 6p21.32 region that significantly increases risk of developing peanut allergy.