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NIPBL perturbation activates long terminal repeat (LTR)-derived alternative promoters due to reorganization of chromatin’s hierarchical structure, leading to LTR co-option and oncogene activation in melanoma cell lines.

A gold catalyst supported on intergrown titanosilicate zeolites enhances propene oxide production by activating oxygen-transfer intermediates more efficiently at Ti interface sites.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting: in cohort 3 of the phase 2 TUXEDO-3 trial, patients with leptomeningeal metastatic disease from any solid tumor were treated with the HER3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate patritumab deruxtecan and showed encouraging 3-month overall survival rates.

A study finding an oestrogen-sensing signalling pathway that promotes melanoma metastasis only in female mice emphasizes the importance of recognizing sex-specific factors in cancer management.

Group-IV color centers in diamond show promise for spin-photon interfaces, but precise positioning and activation are challenging. Here the authors combine site-controlled ion implantation with laser annealing and in-situ photoluminescence monitoring to create and tune individual tin vacancy centers in diamond.

Comprehensively understanding the ultrafast dynamics of the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide is a long-standing challenge. Here, the authors measure the electronic and structural phase transitions in the first hundred femtoseconds.

Following spinal cord injury, gamified physical therapy that incorporates closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation can aid restoration of arm and hand function.

Observations from a borehole in the Kamb Ice Stream suggest that discrete subglacial discharge events dominate channel melt and sediment transport.

Charge transfer is facilitated in molecular systems through orbital coupling. Here the authors use core-hole-clock spectroscopy to show that electron transfer from an argon atom caged in a fullerene can be up to two orders of magnitude faster than for the isolated atom.

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements show the existence of a body-centred cubic structure, similar to that of ice VII, where water molecules exhibit picosecond rotational dynamic and rapid orientational jumps characteristic of liquid water.

An analysis of data from 522 population-based studies encompassing 82 global regions and spanning more than a century (1920–2024) shows spatiotemporal transitions across epidemiologic stages 1 to 3 of inflammatory bowel disease, and models stage 4 progression.

The authors uncover slow, facilitating inhibitory connections between serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, refuting autoinhibition theories. This recurrence drives winner-take-all effects and nonlinear processing of threat-related inputs.

Measurements of the conformations adopted by isolated proteins at low temperatures show remarkable plasticity including substantial cold induced restructuring and complex frozen conformational landscapes for disordered proteins in the absence of solvent.

While many genetic loci have been found to be associated with disease, not many have had their causal variants and mechanisms investigated. Here, the authors experimentally dissect two loci near GDF5 which are associated with two different joint disorders and which map to independent regulatory elements.

A study in rats proposes a mechanism for how the brain maps the surrounding environment, including places it has never seen, by alternating left and right forward sweeps in successive theta cycles.

Extremely high-resolution simulations reveal that interstellar medium-type turbulence significantly deviates from classical magnetized turbulence models.

Shocked compression experiments support the melt line of nickel above that of iron, as recently theorised, which helps to constrain the behavior of nickel at conditions relevant to Earth’s core where it makes up 5-20 wt %

Electrochemical modulation of fluorophores enables regulating their emission states, facilitating spectral unmixing of up to four fluorophores with similar spectral characteristics. This method is readily applicable to multicolour STED imaging, effectively expanding a single imaging channel to four channels.

The cobraa model extends the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent to identify structured population history by examination of the model transition matrix. Applied to human polymorphism data, cobraa identifies an ancient admixture event ancestral to all modern humans.

Neonatal antibiotic use is shown to reduce immune response to infant vaccines, accompanied by reduced abundance of Bifidobacteria in the gut microbiota, with experiments in mice indicating that probiotic therapy could be beneficial.

Coelacanths are known for their conservative morphology. Here, the authors describe a 380 million year-old coelacanth fossil from the Gogo Formation (Western Australia) with morphology representative of a key transition where coelacanth morphology disparity shifts.

Correlating aromatic carbons attached to fluorine with meta-position hydrogens in fluorine-labelled phenylalanines can yield two-dimensional correlations with narrow linewidths in large proteins. Adapting phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase increases the incorporation rate, while expanding the genetic code enables site-specific incorporation of fluorinated phenylalanine. The resulting HC_F-transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy can illuminate protein dynamics and drive multiplexed drug discovery campaigns.

The mechanisms that regulate the electrochemical equilibrium of condensates are not well understood. Now it has been shown that the aging process of biomolecular condensates can dynamically modulate the electrochemical equilibrium between phases, thereby affecting the physicochemical functions of condensates. This process potentially provides an active mechanism modulating intracellular ion flux.

Antibiotic resistance can be addressed by reinventing classes of antibiotics through chemical synthesis. Here BT-33—a fully synthetic antibiotic—affords broad-spectrum activity against the bacterial ribosome. X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations and structure–activity relationship studies reveal the structural features that contribute to the enhanced antibacterial activity and metabolic stability of BT-33.

Promethium remains the least studied element among the lanthanide series because of its scarcity and radiolytic nature. Here, the authors report two new isostructural 2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine compounds of ¹⁴⁷Pm and ²⁴⁸Cm.

Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are shown to be able to operate with bandwidths exceeding 65 GHz thanks to a cavity design that harnesses photon–photon resonances.

Transparent solar cells are desirable for installation in buildings and on agricultural land, and designing them to be wavelength-selective can enhance their suitability for power generation in these locations. This Review surveys the mechanisms and performance of key wavelength-selective technologies and summarizes application-specific metrics for the comparison of these technologies.

The authors report Bose–Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in Na₂BaNi(PO₄)₂. This should stimulate further work on these types of geometrically frustrated materials.

Here the authors identify PHF3 SPOC ___domain as a reader of the phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal ___domain. They show that PHF3 clusters with Pol II complexes in cells, drives phase separation of Pol II in vitro, and regulates neuronal gene expression and neuronal differentiation.

Due to the limited wavelength coverage of measurements to date, some aspects of the composition of Pluto’s largest moon, Charon, remain unresolved. Here, the authors detect carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Charon’s northern hemisphere using JWST data.

Here the authors develop large-scale nanomaterials to improve the performances of laser propulsion using an easily scalable structure, thus bringing us closer to relativistic travel to our closest stars with microchip probes. These ultra-thin reflectors offer an affordable and realistic step toward lightsail space exploration.