Advances in understanding of the cause of autoimmune diseases and clinical data from novel therapeutic modalities such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells are providing evidence that it may be possible to re-establish immune homeostasis and, potentially, prolong remission or even cure autoimmune diseases. This article proposes a three-step ‘sequential immunotherapy’ framework for immune system modulation to help achieve this ambitious goal, and discusses existing drugs and those in development for each of the three steps.
- Francisco Ramírez-Valle
- Joseph C. Maranville
- Robert M. Plenge