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The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

When molecules collide with atoms or other molecules their quantum mechanical character can lead to the diffraction of matter waves. Making use of advances in molecular beam technology, such diffraction oscillations have now been observed with unprecedented sharpness and angular resolution in the benchmark NO + He, Ne, or Ar systems.

Long-lived molecular collision complexes — or ‘resonances’ — are difficult to identify experimentally. Now crossed-beam experiments and quantum calculations are reported for rotationally inelastic CO−He collisions at energies corresponding to temperatures as low as 4 K. Quantum dynamical resonances that are predicted by theory were detected and fully characterized.

A map of microbiome–metabolome dynamics in people with type 2 diabetes identifies over 500 blood metabolites associated with impaired glucose control, with approximately one-third linked to an altered gut microbiome.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized particles from Gram-negative bacteria, critical yet hard to identify in biological samples. Here, the authors show a method using a Polymyxin B-fluorescein probe to selectively label and quantify OMVs, distinguishing them from other vesicles for precise bacterial infection diagnosis.

In metastable gallium oxide, disorder and strain are found to trigger self-organized atomically sharp interfaces via lattice glides, unlocking radiation-resistant materials and precisely controlled phase transitions in a far-from-equilibrium system.

In this study, Wrigth et al. use structural, medicinal chemistry, and behavioral approaches to examine how equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 (ENT1) exerts its functions; and their findings reveal ENT1 as a potential target for analgesia.

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Hydroxyl radicals (OH) are important in many chemical systems, including combustion and atmospheric reactions, however experimentally measuring their velocities in specific internal quantum states has proved difficult. Now differential cross-sections for inelastic scattering of fully state-specified OH with He and Ar have been observed for the first time using velocity-map imaging in a crossed-molecular-beam arrangement.

The oxidative intermolecular amination of C-H bonds represents a straightforward method to construct aliphatic allylic amines. However, the utilization of widely available internal alkenes remains a synthetic challenge. Here, the authors present a regioselective Cu-catalyzed oxidative allylic C-H amination of internal olefins with azodiformates.

Hydrogen bonding is a central concept in (bio)chemistry and has been intensively studied in the prototypical complex H₂O-H₂O. In this joint experimental/theoretical study, the authors find hydrogen bonding in H₂S-H₂S to be distinctly different.

The motion of particles in a quantum condensate state are described by a single macroscopic wave function, leading to a host of unusual properties. Here, the authors generate such a condensation of magnetically induced excitons, known as cyclotron magnetoexcitons, in a high-mobility quantum well.

The African swine fever virus represents a threat to global pig production. Here, the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of ASFV RNA polymerase, and suggest that the M1249L subunit may modulate polymerase activity in cells.

The authors demonstrate quantum Hall effect in semiconducting layered oxide Bi₂O₂Se. Its unique low mass among the oxides of 0.14 m_e and pronounced layered structure makes Bi₂O₂Se highly susceptible to the quantum confinement effects.

Interfacial water consists of hydrogen-bonded water and Na·H₂O, its structure changes at hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potentials, and when structurally ordered it aids interfacial electron transfer, resulting in higher HER rates.

Conversion of achiral starting materials into enantiopure products without additional chiral additives is a challenging task. Here, the authors show a reaction where the precipitation of chiral product induces autocatalysis, ultimately leading to an enantiopure compound.

Nonlinearity induced by a single photon is desirable because it can drive power consumption of optical devices to their fundamental quantum limit, and is demonstrated here at room temperature.

Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling plays a pivotal role in the progression of osteoarthritis. Here, the authors reveal a negative feedback loop, RANKL-UCHL1-sCD13, which limits osteoclastogenesis in the subchondral bone to prevent osteoarthritis progression.

Precise control over the characteristics of crystalline conjugated polymers is essential for organic electronic, but this is complex. Here, the authors report a molecular dipole orienting strategy for preparation of single-crystal thin films with high transistor mobility.

A power conversion efficiency of 33.89% is achieved in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by using a bilayer passivation strategy to enhance electron extraction and suppress recombination.

Emerging compute-in-memory technologies show potential in edge AI; however, information protection tools need further development. Here, authors propose an on-chip scheme to simultaneously protect neural network input, weight, and structural information with low circuit overhead.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

There is a paucity of studies on enzyme stereoselectivity from an evolutionary biochemistry perspective. Here, the authors use ancestral sequence reconstruction to trace the evolution of stereoselectivity in imine reductases, elucidate its structural basis, and investigating the role of epistasis.

Strategies to tune the surface properties of topological insulators are essential, if they are to find use in applications. Using a combination of theoretical and experimental techniques, this study examines how the properties of ordered ternary topological insulators vary with the content of group IV elements.

The mechanisms allowing early disseminated cancer cells colonize other tissues remain largely unknown. Here, authors show that GPRC5A axis drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lung seeding and metastasis, in a mechanism resembling trophoblast behavior during embryo implantation.

Incoherent transport is an important feature of many anisotropic quantum materials but often its origin is not well understood. Here, the authors show that in a layered quantum magnet, incoherence is driven by the interaction of electrons with spin fluctuations after the melting of magnetic order.

Light-induced deformation known as photostriction could be used for green energy devices but in most materials the effect is too small to be of practical use. Here, Weiet al. study the photostriction of strontium ruthenate and find photon-induced strain efficiencies of more than one percent.

Sulfur allotropes are proposed to be an important sulfur reservoir in molecular clouds, but spectroscopic data to test this hypothesis are limited. Here the authors measure laboratory far-infrared spectra of cold isolated S₈ molecules, which show a near-perfect match with calculations, and examine their fragmentation pathways.

The pattern of electrical resistivity in an unconventional superconductor at high magnetic fields and low temperatures across the nematic quantum critical point reveals two classic signatures of quantum criticality.

In this large-scale exome-wide association study, Deng, Wu, Yang, He et al. report genetic associations of protein-coding variants with neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, including for 50 new genes.

Beige fat activation involves a fuel switch to fatty acid oxidation following chronic cold adaptation. Here, the authors show that Sortilin in adipose tissues facilitates the translocation of ACSL1 from the mitochondria to the endolysosomal pathway for degradation, which controls adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation and substrate fuel selection during beige fat activation.

Low-energy NO–He collisions have been studied and scattering resonances observed. By rotationally exciting NO before the collision, a controlled amount of angular momentum was added and its release in de-excitation collisions was monitored—additional quantum waves were imprinted in the angular distributions of the scattering products.

A study reports a combination of processing, optimization and low-damage deposition methods for the production of silicon heterojunction solar cells exhibiting flexibility and high performance.

Poeck and colleagues identify a microbiome signature in patients receiving allogenic stem cell transplantation, which is associated with protective immune-modulatory metabolites, improved survival and less transplant-related mortality.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play critical roles in human diseases. Here, the authors describe an integrated Cas12a sensor for sensing mtDNA mutations in vivo, showing potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.