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The absence of a band gap in graphene hinders its use in electronics. Here, the authors open a band gap as large as 3.9 electronvolts in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition by treating it in hydrogen plasma, and then use this material to create a room temperature field- effect transistor.

Large-scale multivariate analyses across populations of European ancestry identify risk loci for the metabolic syndrome, improving polygenic prediction models and highlighting associations with diverse traits beyond cardiometabolic diseases.

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is one of the key factors to control the chiral spin textures in spintronic applications. Here the authors demonstrate the correlation of the DMI with the anisotropy of the orbital magnetic moment and magnetic dipole moment in Pt/Co/MgO ultrathin trilayers.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

The authors use time-resolved scanning near-field optical microscopy to probe the ultrafast excitonic processes and their impact on waveguide operation in transition metal dichalcogenide crystals. They observe significant modulation of the complex index by monitoring waveguide modes on the fs time scale, and identify both coherent and incoherent manipulations of WSe₂ excitonic resonances.

A stealthy neural recorder allows for the study of the behaviour of non-human primates in naturalistic settings.

Metabolic traits are heritable intermediate phenotypes widely used in assessing the risk of various diseases. By conducting a genome-wide meta-analysis for metabolic traits in 288,137 East Asians, the authors highlight the interplay of common and rare variants on inherited risk of metabolic traits.

A soft artificial retina with flexible phototransistors and three-dimensional liquid-metal microelectrodes is used to enhance proximity to retinal ganglion cells and minimize damage to soft tissue as well as improve charge injection for vision restoration in retinal degenerative in vivo models.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

By engineering the upper and lower surfaces of micro-light-emitting-diode chips to have different van der Waals forces, hundreds and thousands of chips can be accurately aligned on substrates and used to create active-matrix displays.

As signalling molecules, bile acids (BAs) can affect metabolism, but due to detergent-like properties, BA levels must be tightly regulated. Here, Kim et al.show that RanBP2, a nucleoporin, maintains BA homoeostasis through SUMOylation of Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP), an orphan nuclear receptor.

Fast field-driven antiferromagnetic spin dynamics is realized in ferrimagnetic Gd₂₃Fe_67.4Co_9.6 thin films at the angular momentum compensation point. In particular, at this point, the field-driven ___domain wall mobility is found to be enhanced.

A composition gradient is found to provide the necessary structural inversion asymmetry for a bulk Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction to manifest itself.

Neural systems are often bulky and heavy. Here, the authors produce a conformable neural interface for mice using liquid metals directly printed on the skull that can monitor neural activities with long-term stability.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 77,418 individuals of East Asian ancestry with type 2 diabetes identifies novel variants associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and more than 200 genetic loci associated with BP are known. Here, the authors perform discovery GWAS for BP in East Asians and meta-analysis in East Asians and Europeans and report ancestry-specific BP SNPs and selection signals.

The ultrabroadband absorptive refractory plasmonics is demonstrated with TiN and TiO₂ deposited onto an anodized aluminum oxide template. The absorber shows ultrabroadband absorption in the solar spectrum (400–2500 nm). Furthermore, the absorber shows an extended hot carrier lifetime and improved efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. This novel ultrabroadband absorber has great potential to provide a sustainable and cost-effective route for hydrogen generation from solar energy.

Understanding the distribution of internal local strains within zeolites is important for catalytic applications because they can affect the rates of adsorption and diffusion of guest molecules. A ‘triangular’ deformation-field distribution in ZSM-5 zeolites is now observed, showing the presence of a strain within the crystal that arises from the heterogeneous core–shell structure.

Complex magnetic nanostructures can be fabricated by using low-energy protons to convert paramagnetic oxide materials into metallic ferromagnets.

Study of structural inhomogeneities in zeolites is important but limited by conventional techniques. Here the authors employ in situ free-electron-laser-based time-resolved coherent X-ray diffraction imaging to visualize the effect of these inhomogeneities during catalytic deoxygenation of NOx.

Here, Imamuraet al. conduct meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify novel susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Japanese population. By doing so, this study shows that both ethnicity-specific and ethnically-shared genetic loci can contribute to T2D risk.

A key difficulty to overcome in pyridinium salts functionalization is the regioselectivity at the two competing C2 and C4 sites. Here, the authors show bifunctional N-aminopyridinium salts reagents delivering both the aminyl radical and the pyridyl group to an olefin with C4-pyridyl regioselectivity.

The dynamics of liquid water is rich due to its complex, highly disordered hydrogen-bond network, which hasn’t been fully understood. Perakis et al. measure water dynamics at sub-100 fs and show that it cannot be described by simple thermal motion due to the build-up of tetrahedral structures upon supercooling.