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Immunotherapy holds great potential, although strategies for durable responses against solid tumors are still needed. Here, the authors combine oncolytic virus (OV) engineering and reprogramming of the IL-18 pathway, showing that armed OVs expressing a decoy-resistant IL-18 elicit anti-tumor immunity and long-term immunological memory against multiple refractory tumors in mice.

Rhizosphere oxygen loss from plant roots transforms redox-inert iron into reactive metastable phases, enhancing phosphorus mobility and nutrient availability in soils, boosting plant growth, sustainability, and delivering significant agricultural and economic benefits.

Precipitation caused by precessional forcing controlled the intensity of silicate weathering in subtropical and tropical regions and helped maintain stable carbon dioxide consumption rates during glacial periods, according to an analysis of marine sediment geochemical data and model simulations.

Migratory functionalization of C–H bonds through metal migration from carbon to carbon under transition metal catalysis is a process of significant academic and industrial interest. Here, the authors report a palladium-catalyzed migratory cyclization of α-bromoalkene derivatives to yield benzoheterocycles.

Stimuli-responsive multicolor luminescent materials typically react on external triggers of physical nature, but photonically controlled systems which allow for remote operation were not realized. Here the authors use light as the stimulus of a responsive luminescent material which eliminates the need for physical access.

By improving the sample quality of FeGe, the authors observe a long-ranged charge order accompanied with a first-order structural transition. They determine the distorted superstructure and show that occupational disorder is the origin of short-ranged charge order.

Direct synthesis of nitric acid from nitrogen and oxygen is attractive but is challenging under mild conditions. Now, direct conversion of air to nitric acid is achieved under mild conditions via a hydroxyl-radical-mediated hetero-homogeneous electrochemical route at the cathode.

How natural scenes are represented by the neuronal populations of a specific visual area such as V4 remain not fully understood. The authors produced a dataset of widefield calcium imaging of macaque V4 responses to a large set of natural images, and used deep learning techniques to elucidate how natural image features are encoded and topologically organized in V4.

Adaptive differentiation is poorly understood in marine systems. Here, the authors combine genome sequencing with gene expression and physiology to show that genetic divergence and plasticity contribute to local adaptation of Pacific oyster populations.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that sometimes develops during pregnancy and is characterized by increased serum bile acid levels. Here the authors report that the gut microbiome species B. fragilis is enriched in patients with ICP and promotes ICP development in mice via inhibition of signalling though the bile acid receptor FXR.

The mechanism by which DNA methylation regulates female reproduction in insects is largely unknown. Here Zhao et al. demonstrate that the 5mC modification orchestrates timely choriogenesis and proper fertilization by preventing prolonged ftz-f1 expression in the German cockroach.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been linked with the gut-liver axis. Here, the authors show that disulfiram (DSF) reduces Clostridium-mediated 7α-dehydroxylation activity to suppress secondary bile acid biosynthesis and ameliorate NASH in mice, and validate DSF regulation of the gut-liver axis in healthy men in a self-controlled clinical trial.

Using an adhesive buffer layer and a high-resolution six-channel inkjet printing system, arrays of stretchable organic electrochemical transistors can be fabricated for application in wearable in-sensor computing platforms.

The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is an hemimetabolous insect with rapid growth, high fecundity, and remarkable tissue-regeneration capability. Here Li et al sequence its 3.38-Gb genome and perform the functional studies, yielding insights into its environmental adaptation and developmental plasticity.

Common methods for regulating metal-support interactions for single-atom catalysts usually suffer from interference of the variation of supports or sacrificing the stability of catalysts. Here, the authors report a facile electrochemical deposition strategy to design highly active oxygen evolution catalysts with site-specific metal-support interactions via selective anchoring of single atoms.

Verticillum wilt is an important cotton disease caused by fungal pathogen Verticillium dahiae. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of defoliating and non-defoliating isolates of the pathogen, identify virulence gene SP3, and develop a disease control strategy using polyethyleneimine-coated MXene quantum dots.

A fluorogenic reporter allows visualization of spike protein and ACE2 receptor interaction and the identification of natural products that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo.

Manipulating exchange bias is crucial for advancing spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate full electrical switching of perpendicular exchange bias in multilayers featuring an antiferromagnetic layer with anisotropic epitaxial strain.

The integration of synaptic inputs onto dendrites provides the basis for neuronal computation. Here the authors perform two-photon dendritic imaging with a genetically-encoded glutamate sensor in awake monkeys, and map the excitatory synaptic inputs on dendrites of individual V1 superficial layer neurons with high spatial and temporal resolution.

The origin of Tibetan barley (qingke) has been a controversial issue for many years. Here, the authors conduct population genomics study to support that qingke is derived from eastern domesticated barley instead of Tibetan wild barley and suggest southern Tibetan Plateau as its introduction route.

While single-atom catalysts offer well-defined structures, the homogeneity of the active sites is determined by localized coordination environments. Here, authors anchor Ir single atoms onto different sites on CoOOH and show how their distinct coordinations activate oxygen-evolving electrocatalysis

Morphotropic phase boundaries, which separate two competing phases of different chemical composition, are the crucial ingredient for lead-based piezoelectrics. Here, the authors show that similar enhanced properties and analogous thermotropic phase boundaries can occur in simple, lead-free ferroelectrics.

A new seahorse genome and the re-sequenced genomes of 21 other species shed new light on the evolutionary origin and global dispersal routes of seahorses, and show that bony spines—a key adaptation against predation—probably evolved multiple times via independent substitutions in the bmp3 gene.

Analysis of an Early Jurassic dinosaur bone bed reveals the rapid early growth stages of sauropodomorph embryos as well as the earliest evidence of in situ organic remains from a terrestrial vertebrate.

Insulating states that are formed because of pairing between electrons and holes are known to exist in engineered bilayer structures in high magnetic fields. Now evidence suggests they can occur in a monolayer crystal at zero field.

A human–SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map highlights cellular processes that are hijacked by the virus and that can be targeted by existing drugs, including inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma receptors.

There are difficulty of achieving saturated poling and understanding of multi-scale structures in (K, Na)NbO₃ ceramics. Here, the authors find atomic-scale polymorphic distortion and micrometer-scale high-density thin striped domains, which is key for high saturated poling.

Oxynitrides are garnering interest because of their variety of novel properties, but their synthesis has typically involved highly reducing conditions that put significant constraints on their composition, structure and properties. Now, the lability of H⁻ in perovskite oxyhydride BaTiO_3−xH_x has enabled H^–/N^3– exchange at a lower temperature, yielding a ferroelectric oxynitride BaTiO_3−xN_2x/3.

Nanosized Pd-based catalysts are widely used in the direct hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) synthesis from H₂ and O₂, while the selectivity and yield of H₂O₂ remain inferior. Here, a remarkable H₂O₂ yield of 115 mol/g_Pd/h and H₂O₂ selectivity higher than 99% are reported using a Pd single-atom catalyst for the direct synthesis of H₂O₂.

Elevated maternal homocysteine (Hcy) increases the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) but how this arises is unclear. Here, the authors show that high levels of Hcy on histone H3K79Hcy correlate with NTDs, causing abnormal gene expression (for example Cecr2, Smarca4 and Dnmt3B) linked to neural tube closure.

Histone modification recognition is an important mechanism for gene expression regulation in cancer. Here, the authors identify YEATS2 as a histone H3K27ac reader, regulating a transcriptional program essential for tumorigenesis in human non-small cell lung cancer.

While single-atom catalysts exhibit intriguing catalytic performances and electronic structures, syntheses are often tailored to a particular system. Here, authors report electrochemical deposition as a universal approach for the fabrication of single-atom catalysts over range of metals and supports.