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The Drosophila R8 photoreceptor separates signals for image perception and circadian photoentrainment by co-releasing histamine and acetylcholine, and this segregation is further established in the postsynaptic circuitry in the medulla.

A transancestral exome-wide association study for body-fat distribution identifies protein-coding variants that are significantly associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index.

In mouse models of pulmonary metastasis, adjuvant epigenetic therapy targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells disrupts the premetastatic microenvironment after resection of primary tumours and inhibits the dissemination of residual tumour cells.

Response rate to anti-CD276 based immunotherapy remains suboptimal in patients with cancer. Here, in a chemically-induced murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the authors show that expression of ITGB6 in tumor cells promotes resistance to anti-CD276 therapy, associated with accumulation of PF4+ macrophages and T cell dysfunction.

The spatiotemporal formation of glands in tomato trichomes is regulated by two MYB-like transcription factors, named as GCR1 and 2, whose expression is tightly restricted by SlTOE1B. GCR1 and 2 inhibit gland formation by repressing LFS expression.

Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to occur in HFpEF and we know that statins can target endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting miR-133a. Here the authors show that statins improve diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF by increasing the levels of a circRNA which, in turns, binds to miR-133a modulating its downstream targets.

Current approaches to distinguish topological phases from topologically-trivial phases have limited general applicability. Here, in a photonic-crystal context, the authors demonstrate that in trivial structures the bulk local density of states (LDOS) extends all the way to the edges and corners, while in topological structures the bulk LDOS actually avoids the edges and corners.

This study revealed a regulatory system in which transcription factor and histone acetylation functions are coordinated for maintaining normal stem vascular cambium development for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa.

The investigation of single-cell epigenomics with technologies such as single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS) presents an opportunity to expand the understanding of gene regulation at the cellular level. The authors develop a probabilistic generative model to better characterize cell heterogeneity and accurately annotate the cell type of scCAS data.

Anomalous conducting behavior of solids may reflect the presence of novel quantum states. Here, Zhang et al. report an increased conductivity in TaAs with a magnetic field applied along the direction of the current, which reveals an inherent property of the Weyl Fermion.

Photocatalytic oxidation of methane through oxidative coupling presents a route to higher hydrocarbons but has suffered from low activity and uncontrolled product selectivity. Now, Au nanoparticles loaded onto a ZnO/TiO₂ heterostructure are shown to deliver high rate production of ethane.

Enhancers in differentiated haematopoietic cells are generally believed to be primed prior to lineage commitment. Here, the authors show that early priming and Polycomb group mediated silencing have minor roles in shaping the enhancer repertoire in differentiated B cells and that most active enhancers are generated de novo.

Liu et al. report a universal solution growth method for perovskite thin monocrystals by improving the mass transfer in the high solute flux system. The approach is applied to 29 types of perovskites with growth velocity up to 27.2 µm min^-1 and enables efficient self-driven X-ray detectors.

Rice panicle architecture dominates grain yield. In this study, the authors demonstrate a method for rationally overcoming the trade-off between yield traits and optimizing rice panicle architecture by specifically manipulating ligand–receptor pairs.

In three-dimensional metals, topological objects known as Weyl nodes can arise from a crossing of the conduction and valence bands. Experiments under high magnetic fields show how Weyl nodes of opposite chiralities can move together to annihilate.

The histone variant H3.3 is phosphorylated at Ser31 in induced genes, and this selective mark stimulates the histone methyltransferase SETD2 and ejects the ZMYND11 repressor, thus revealing a role for histone phosphorylation in amplifying de novo transcription.

TCF1⁺ ‘stem-like’ CD4⁺ T cells have a capacity for self-renewal and effector differentiation when required. Here the authors show how these stem-like T cells mediate allograft rejection via the replenishment of their effector differentiation.

The results of the Fifth RNA-Puzzles contest highlights advances in RNA three-dimensional structure prediction and uncovers new insights into RNA folding and structure.

Controllable synthesis of 1D metal halide perovskite nanocrystals is challenging due to their structural symmetry and ionic crystal nature. Now, a general platform of cylindrical unimolecular nanoreactors has been developed to craft a variety of 1D perovskite nanorods with tailored dimensions and compositions.

The Bacteroides fragilis ubiquitin homologue, BfUbb, mediates intraspecies competition and provides a competitive advantage for encoding strains in the gut.

A multi-ancestry meta-regression study analyses diverse genome-wide association studies and genome loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism plays an important role in creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Here, the authors show that deubiquitinase USP14 regulates immune suppression by inducing IDO1 stabilization and suggest USP14 as a potential therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Small cell cervical carcinoma (SCCC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Here, the authors report human papillomavirus features and genomic landscape in SCCC via high-throughput sequencing methods and identify MYC, SOX, NR4A, ANKRD and CEA family genes as HPV-integrated hotspots.

While solar-to-fuel energy conversion is appealing, materials require accessible active sites for reactants and rapid electron transfer steps. Here, authors support ultrathin metal-organic layers with graphene oxide as both template and electron mediator to boost CO₂ photoreduction performance.

The role of PIWI proteins in mammalian reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, using golden hamsters, the authors establish expression profiles for all four PIWIs during gametogenesis and characterize their associated reproductive defects.

Deregulation of METTL1-mediated N7- methylguanosine tRNA modification can promote oncogenesis. Here, the authors report that this modification regulates the translation of proteins in both the mTOR and negative regulators of autophagy pathways, resulting in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

CHD7 is chromatin remodeler and mutations of CHD7 are the main cause of CHARGE syndrome. Here the authors show that conditional knockout of Chd7 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pre-osteoblasts leads to a skeletal system development disorder in mice and upregulated PPAR signaling, disrupting the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease with a complex pathomechanism. Authors here show by single cell RNA sequencing that the thyroidal microenvironment in the disease is characterised by three stromal cell subtypes that are potentially responsible for the recruitment of infiltrating inflammatory immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

Transmitting the time signal and generating the secure key with the same carrier photon improves the security of a satellite-based quantum-secure time transfer protocol, which uses two-way quantum key distribution.

Analyses of multiple phylogenetic marker datasets of Asgard archaea provide insight into the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, specifically placing eukaryotes within Asgard archaea and as a sister lineage to Hodarchaeales.

Here the authors report the delivery of neurotransmitter-conjugated KCC2 agonist using a reactive oxygen species–responsive polymer nanoparticle that can cross the damaged blood–spinal cord barrier and significantly increase recovery after spinal cord injury in vivo.

The authors show that a magnetic material with kagome lattice planes hosts a flat band near the Fermi level. Electrons in this band exhibit ‘negative magnetism’ due to the Berry curvature.

The UBXN proteins are likely involved in a diverse range of biological processes, but their physiological functions remain largely unknown. Here the authors show that UBXN3B positively regulates STING-mediated immune responses in the context of viral infections.

Analyses of expression profiles from whole blood of 31,684 individuals identify cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects for 88% of genes and trans-eQTL effects for 37% of trait-associated variants.

Ceruloplasmin has an important role in the stabilization and nuclear transport of HIF-1α, thus regulating VEGF expression. Here the authors show that the transcription factor SARI reduces colorectal cancer growth and angiogenesis in vivoby inducing the degradation of ceruloplasmin, thereby inhibiting the HIFα/VEGF axis.