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The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

Direct growth of graphene on h-BN is desired to improve device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate the direct growth of large-area and continuous graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures via a co-segregation approach.

This study provides compelling evidence for the widespread optimum soil moisture for ecosystem photosynthesis and its acclimation to local water conditions, shedding new light on understanding and predicting carbon-climate feedbacks.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

Intestinal crypt-resident Acinetobacter radioresistens secretes indole acetic acid which activates an Ahr-Wnt-β-catenin-EphB2 signalling axis to promote intestinal stem cell homeostasis and prevent tumour initiation and colorectal cancer.

Quan et al. show that warming-induced changes in plant community height in a cold, high-elevation region enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration, emphasizing the importance of plant traits in shaping the carbon cycle under climate change.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

Natural recovery generally benefits soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual in abandoned croplands, but the impact of warming on SOC in this ecosystem is unclear. Here, the authors showed that warming enhances mineral-associated carbon accrual in these lands.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates from thyroid parafollicular cells, generally associated with a poor prognosis. By comparing MTC with less aggressive papillary thyroid cancer, here the authors find that the neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in MTC.

The paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) exerts an indispensable role in body weight control. Here, authors demonstrate the role of PVH RUVBL2 in suppressing food intake and reveal two anorexigenic circuits of PVHRUVBL2 → ARCPOMC and PVHRUVBL2 → DMH.

Drought response is structured by water-table depth in higher-fertility Southern Amazonia, whereas lower-fertility Northern Amazonia supports more-drought-resilient forests independent of water-table depth.

Na_V1.3 is involved in neuronal development, hormone secretion and pain perception. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular mechanism for modulation of Na_V1.3 by a site-2 neurotoxin bulleyaconitine A and a subtype selective antagonist ICA121431.

Conventional X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy usually requires heavy-metal-containing inorganic scintillators and organic photosensitizers to generate singlet oxygen. Here, the authors develop an organic phosphorescent nanoscintillator for low-dose X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy of deep tumours.

Aberrant glycosylation patterns on cancer cells promote several pro-tumorigenic functions, including enhancing tumor cell proliferation. Here the authors provide data that show melanoma cells downregulate GCNT2 with consequent loss of I-branched glycans; this leads to the formation of extended i-linear glycans and enhances melanoma growth via increases, in part, by IGF-1- and extracellular matrix-induced signaling.

Mechanisms and consequences of the acclimation of soil respiration to warming are unclear. Here, the authors combine soil respiration, metagenomics, and functional gene results from a 7-year grassland warming experiment to a microbial-enzyme decomposition model, showing functional gene information to lower uncertainty and improve fit.

Here the authors find that the mRNA of GYS2, the liver-specific glycogen synthase, is a substrate of METTL3 and IGF2BP2 and that m6A-mediated regulation of Gys2 mRNA is critical for the maintenance of liver glycogenesis in mammals during growth, such as mice and rats.

A synthesis of global change experiments that manipulated temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide or nitrogen identifies a need to consider site-specific factors and interactions in Earth system models.

An air purification strategy is presented that moves air in the form of bubbles through an ion-doped conjugated polymer-coated matrix, which captures larger particulate matter, infiltrated with a selected functional liquid, which captures smaller particulate matter.

The emergence of tumour adaptive radioresistance can limit the success of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. In this study, the authors demonstrate that CD47 and HER2 are coordinating in tumor response to radiation and that co-blockage of both receptors can eliminate radiorestistant breast cancer cells.

Harnessing information from whole genome sequencing in 185 individuals, this study generates a high-resolution map of copy number variants. Nucleotide resolution of the map facilitates analysis of structural variant distribution and identification of the mechanisms of their origin. The study provides a resource for sequence-based association studies.

The cattle Genotype–Tissue Expression atlas of expression and splicing QTLs is generated from 7,180 uniformly re-processed RNA-seq samples. Integration with GWAS identifies candidate genes and variants associated with economically important traits.

Acquired radioresistance is a challenge for the cure of glioblastoma. Here, the authors show that radioresistant glioblastoma boosts mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation that fuels cell proliferation and induces immunosuppression via CD47 mediated anti-phagocytosis. Inhibition of FAO by etomoxir combined with anti-CD47 antibodies sensitizes glioblastoma to radiotherapy.

Single-cell analyses of skin samples from patients with vitiligo and functional genetic experiments in vitiligo mouse models show that distinct fibroblast subsets drive the organ level lesion patterns in this autoimmune disease.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and vision loss. Here, the authors perform ATAC-seq to study chromatin accessibility and find that differentially accessible regions are enriched for photoreceptor and RPE-specific transcription factors in AMD

Aberrant tissue repair may result in heterotopic ossification (HO), but how this process is regulated by local inflammatory responses is still unclear. Here the authors show, using a mouse burn/trauma model, that TGFβ-producing monocytes/macrophages at the injury site contribute to HO induction, while CD47 activation helps antagonize this process.

An increase in glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) activity, a key enzyme for glycine catabolism, has been associated to tumourigenesis. Here, the authors show that mTORC1 activation induces GLDC deacetylation which impairs its ubiquitin-associated degradation leading to increased GLDC activity and tumourigenesis.

AK-42 was reported as a specific inhibitor of ClC-2 but its working mechanism is not clear. Here authors report cryo-EM structures of apo ClC-2 and in complex with AK-42, revealing how it inhibits ClC-2 specifically.

cGAS is an important mediator of antiviral immune responses, but the regulation of its activity is unknown. Here, the authors identify a zinc finger protein, ZCCHC3, that enhances the binding of cGAS to dsDNA and is important for its activation following viral infection.

Peatland ditches are methane emissions hotspots that offset around 12% of the emissions reductions that result from drainage, according to a global meta-analysis of peatland studies.

The recently completed NCI-MATCH is one of the largest precision oncology trials undertaken to date; this Perspective discusses key aspects of its design and conduct, and lessons for future precision oncology studies.