Although conventional innate immune stimuli contribute to immune activation, they induce exhausted immune cells, resulting in suboptimal cancer immunotherapy. Now, a kinetically activating nanoadjuvant can dynamically integrate two waves of innate immune stimuli, in terms of the order, duration and time window, which results in effective antitumour immunity without immune cell exhaustion.
- Seung Mo Jin
- Yeon Jeong Yoo
- Yong Taik Lim
