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The heterogenous nature of rheumatoid arthritis renders the prediction of responsiveness to biological treatments difficult. Here the authors analyze bulk RNA-seq data from the STRAP trial (n = 208) to build a machine-learning model for predicting responses to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab with AUCs around 0.75 to potentially assist in therapy planning.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

The authors demonstrate mitigation of both chromatic and modal dispersion in multimode optical fibers via spatiotemporal tailoring of ultrashort light pulses. This holds potential for applications such as in multimode imaging, long-distance communications, ultrafast light-matter interactions, optical fiber amplifiers, and multidimensional information encoding.

A bacterial reverse transcriptase synthesizes polydeoxyadenylate to provide population-level immunity against viral infection.

Examination of the sulfur and copper contents of global cratonic peridotites combined with new high-pressure experiments shows that the migration of carbonated melts towards cratonic margins explains the co-___location of magmatic metal deposits with carbonatites.

Combinatorial CRISPRi screening was used to map genetic interactions in DNA damage response pathways, revealing known and new connections, including the roles of WDR48 and USP1 in preventing under-replication and SMARCAL1 and FANCM in remodelling persistent cruciform DNA structures.

A method for de novo design of peptide macrocyles called RFpeptides has been developed. RFpeptides is an extension of RoseTTAFold2 and RFdiffusion and combines structure prediction and protein backbone generation for rapid and custom design of macrocyclic peptide binders.

Analysis of the genomes of 159 individuals from four Indigenous communities in Australia shows a high level of genetic variation and demonstrates the need for greater representation of Indigenous Australians in reference panels and clinical databases.

Transitions to sustainable food systems require shifts in food production and availability, particularly the replacement of animal-based protein with plant-based protein. Here, the authors show that the optimal balance of plant vs animal protein and fat in national food supplies varies with age, suggesting age-specific redistributions to balance health and environmental benefits.

Partitioning of FtsN and the septal peptidoglycan synthesis complex between an active synthesis track and an inactive denuded glycan track coordinates opposing peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation activities in E. coli.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Here, the authors characterize the epigenetic landscape of the human fungal pathogen Rhizopus microsporus with a focus on symmetric DNA N6-methyladenine, revealing its regulatory role in gene expression and its essentiality for viability.

Gold redox catalysis is an attractive synthetic method but challenging due to the high redox potential of Au(I)/Au(III). Now, a bidentate N-ligand-assisted gold redox catalysis using H₂O₂ as oxidant has been developed. It can be applied to various coupling reactions, including C(sp)–C(sp) cross-coupling, alkynylative cyclization and bicyclization coupling.

The mechanisms that regulate the initiation of DNA replication in archaea are poorly understood. Here, Dhanaraju et al. identify a sequence element and its interacting protein required for DNA replication initiation in the model archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus.

New experiments show that most carbonates in carbonate-rich crustal rocks survive devolatilization and hydrous melting in cold and warm subduction zones, demonstrating their role in driving the deep carbon and chlorine cycles since the Mesoproterozoic.

The authors present novel observations providing insights into the formation of extraordinary gold-rich veins. We discovered metal nanoparticles associated with amorphous silica and carbon indicating their essential contribution to efficient gold deposition.

AfCycDesign: Cyclic offset to the relative positional encoding in AlphaFold2 enables accurate structure prediction, sequence redesign, and de novo hallucination of cyclic peptide monomers and binders.

The development of the all solid-state battery requires the formation of stable solid/solid interfaces between different battery components. Here the authors tailor the composition to form both electrolyte and anode from the same novel family of perovskites with shared crystal chemistry.

Predictions suggest enhanced correlation effect due to multiple van Hove singularities (VHS) in the vicinity of the Fermi level in the recently discovered AV₃Sb₅ kagome metals. Here the authors identify three VHSs close to the Fermi level with diverse sublattice characters in CsV₃Sb₅, and one of them shows flat dispersion suggesting the higher-order nature.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting, intracerebroventricular infusion of bivalent CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL-13Rα2 in patients with multifocal, recurrent glioblastoma was feasible and well tolerated, with the maximum tolerated dose identified, one patient with a partial response and one patient with durable stable disease.

The molecular details of the RAS-RAF interaction are still not fully understood. Here, the authors present crystal structures of wild-type and mutant KRAS in complex with the RAS-binding and membrane-interacting cysteine-rich domains of RAF1, and propose a model of the membrane-bound RAS-RAF complex.

The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe extinction event in the past 540 million years, and the Siberian Traps large igneous province is widely hypothesized to have been the primary trigger for the environmental catastrophe. In this study, Ni isotopes provide the link between Siberian Traps magmatism and early environmental degradation, ultimately leading to the end-Permian extinction.

Voltage hysteresis plagues several important families of battery electrodes, yet our understanding of its thermochemical properties remains poor. Here, the authors use isothermal calorimetry to measure the thermal effects of voltage hysteresis in a lithium-rich layered cathode and propose a mechanism for oxygen redox.

Whole-genome sequencing and mutational signature analysis of 265 head and neck cancer samples collected from eight different countries provide insight into the vital contribution of tobacco smoke in disease etiology.

Hypothalamus participates in systemic metabolic processes, while high calorie intake increases immune activation in the central nervous system. Here the authors show that reduced regulatory T cells in the hypothalamus contribute to elevated immune activation in a high calorie environment, thereby prompting a potential therapy target for metabolic diseases.

Direct meta-selective C–H functionalization of pyridines is of paramount importance, but such reactions remain limited and highly challenging. Here, the authors report an electrochemical methodology in which nucleophilic sulfinates allow meta-sulfonylation of pyridines through a redox-neutral dearomatization-rearomatization strategy.

Integrated single-cell transcriptomic and genetic characterization of 121 adult glioblastomas identifies heterogeneity at cell type, cell state and baseline expression program levels associated with specific mutations that form three stereotypical ecosystems.

Spatial multi-omics analysis tools have lagged behind advancements in single-cell technologies. Here, authors introduce TACIT, a scalable tool for automated cell type and state deconvolution from spatial multi-omics datasets, improving accuracy and efficiency over existing methods.

The preparation of conjugates between proteins and small molecules is often challenging and requires several synthetic steps to functionalize each component for conjugation. Now, a conjugation methodology that leverages an electrophilic Se–S bond of selenocysteine to create bioconjugates between polypeptides and complex small molecules has been described.

Employing pharmacology, genetics and all-optical approaches in zebrafish, Braaker et al. find that neuronal activity influences the growth of myelin sheaths along axons by signaling through metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 on oligodendrocytes.

Sarcoma is a highly heterogeneous disease, which can be caused by a large variety of mutations. Here, the authors utilise multi-omics to characterise a cohort of 1,340 sarcoma tissue specimens to identify key somatic mutations and identify immune subtypes.

In this Review, Mondo and Grigoriev explore the central role of omics approaches to investigate the biology and evolution of fungi and understand phylogeny and how traits evolved over time within the fungal kingdom.

Black and white fonio are two small indigenous grain cereals grown in West Africa. Here, the authors reveal their independent domestication and cultivation histories through population genetics and demographic history analyses.

Researchers in Canada prepare for turbulence in the wake of US funding changes — but there’s a silver lining.

Aging is the risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and its acute attack. Here, the authors show that exocrine acinar cells received endocrine β-cell-derived miR-503-322 and caused pancreas autodigestion and anti-proliferation by repressing MKNK1 thereby promoting pancreatitis in the elderly

CAR T cell immunotherapy for paediatric solid and brain tumours is constrained by the availability of targetable antigens. Here, the authors investigate the landscape of cancer-specific exons as potential targets by analysing 1,532 RNAseq datasets from 16 types of paediatric solid and brain tumours.