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By leveraging microcavity-integrated photonics and Kerr-induced optical frequency division, an integrated photonic millimetre-wave oscillator with low phase noise is demonstrated, achieving –77 dBc Hz^–1 and –121 dBc Hz^–1, respectively, at 100-Hz and 10-kHz offset frequencies, corresponding to –98 dBc Hz^–1 and –142 dBc Hz^–1 when scaled to a 10-GHz carrier.

Dark pulse combs are formed in normal-dispersion microresonators with mode-interaction-assisted excitation, increasing freedom in microresonator design and potentially extending Kerr comb generation into the visible wavelength regime.

Intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic order is observed in few-layer Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ crystals, with a transition temperature that can be controlled using small magnetic fields.

The magneto-optical (MO) effects probe the electronic and magnetic properties of a material, particularly useful for 2D magnets. Here, the authors show that the large optical and MO responses in ferromagnetic monolayer CrI₃ arise from strongly bound excitons, extending over several atoms.

The beamsplitter operation is a key component for quantum information processing, but implementations in superconducting circuit-QED usually introduce additional decoherence. Here, the authors exploit the symmetry within a SQUID, driven in a purely differential manner, to realise clean BS operations between two SC cavity modes.

Chiral superconductors are predicted to realize Majorana normal fluid at its boundary, but remain elusive experimentally. Here, Bae et al. report anomalous surface normal fluid response in UTe₂ single crystal which is further attributed to a chiral spin-triplet pairing state.

A miniaturized optical frequency division system that could transfer the generation of microwaves, with superior spectral purity, to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible integrated photonic platform is demonstrated showing potential for large-volume, low-cost manufacturing for many applications.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Spin waves are excited in a thin film of bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet using radio-frequency pulses and interact with magnetic ___domain walls. Pulses as short as 1 ns translate a ___domain wall over 15 µm distances, offering control over ___domain-wall dynamics.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

Terahertz frequency combs are highly desired for applications in precision measurements, sensing, spectroscopy and metrology. Here the authors demonstrate the room-temperature chip-based THz frequency comb using nonlinear frequency generation from a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser comb.

The dynamics of complex physical systems can be determined by the balance of a few dominant processes. Callaham et al. propose a machine learning approach for the identification of dominant regimes from experimental or numerical data with examples from turbulence, optics, neuroscience, and combustion.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

There is a need for an accurate measure of pulmonary oxygenation function that can be used as an intermediate endpoint in pragmatic clinical trials, to increase statistical power and efficiency. Here, the authors show that the S/F94, a modification of the S/F ratio, is a simple, meaningful and effective intermediate outcome measure.

Efficient phononic nonlinear processes are demonstrated in an acoustoelectric heterostructure combining a high-mobility semiconductor indium gallium arsenide film heterogeneously integrated onto a lithium niobate thin film.

In colorectal cancer (CRC), finding loci associated with risk may give insight into disease aetiology. Here, the authors report a genome-wide association analysis in Europeans of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls, and find 31 new risk loci and 17 new risk SNPs at previously reported loci.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

Tropical forest markedly expanded between 11.7 and 5 ka and especially between 127 and 120 ka, due to greater monsoon activity mainly driven by insolation forcing, according to analysis of a Bay of Bengal pollen record and model results.

Cancer of unknown primary is difficult to treat due to high heterogeneity in treatment response depending on the original site. Here, the authors use DNA methylation data to develop a machine learning classifier to predict the tissue of origin from a single blood draw, allowing potential treatment changes to improve efficacy.

The use of chalcogenide glasses in simple electronic devices, such as a p-n junction, is hindered by the lack of n-type material. Here, Hughes et al.demonstrate n-type doping of GeTe and GaLaSO amorphous films using bismuth-ion implantation.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

A nonlinear coherent spectroscopy that uses three slightly different repetition-rate frequency combs is demonstrated. A 2D spectrum with comb resolution is generated using only 365 milliseconds of data, almost 600 times faster than previous approaches.

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments and first-principles many-electron calculations demonstrate the quantum mixing of different exciton states in monolayer MoS₂. This reveals the many-body effects and dynamics of exciton formation in 2D materials.

On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.

Mutations in SHANK2 are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, Peter et al. show that selective loss of Shank2in Purkinje cells of the mouse cerebellum leads to deficits in plasticity, motor behaviour, and a social behaviour phenotype similar to that seen in ASD.

A system based on a highly nonlinear planar chalcogenide waveguide is demonstrated to be able to perform radio-frequency spectral measurements with a terahertz bandwidth. High bit-rate tests show that the chip-based system is potentially useful for ultrafast signal processing.

Epidemiological analyses coupled with immunological phenotyping suggest that humoral immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccines wanes more rapidly in individuals with severe obesity compared to individuals with a BMI within the normal range.

Here, Simpson et al. analyze data from 3.6 million COVID-19 vaccine second doses (ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2) in Scotland for risk of thrombocytopenic, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events. Borderline increased risks of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were found for the ChAdOx1 vaccine. These events were rare and usually short-lived.

The discovery of charge-density-wave order in the high-temperature superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_6+y places charge order centre stage with superconductivity, suggesting that they are intertwined rather than competing.