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Proteins are often modified by complex carbohydrates (N-glycans). Here, authors identified gene regulators of this process and uncovered links between plasma protein Nglycosylation, metabolic and liver diseases, and anti-inflammatory proteins.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Experimental simulations of space weathering demonstrate the formation of enigmatic whiskers on sulfide grains, revealing how asteroidal surface materials record evidence of exposure to interplanetary space.

A geological climate archive documents the effects of ocean warming on Antarctic marine ice-sheets. Large sediment fluxes from the interior of West Antarctica precede the onset of sustained retreat to a smaller footprint for the ice-sheet.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (siNETs) are rare bowel tumors generally considered to be a single entity. Here, the authors perform a multiomics analysis of siNETs and reveal four distinct molecular groups with clinical relevance, including groups linked to differentiation patterns, immunity, and mesenchymal properties.

Salivary gland cancers (SGC) respond poorly to immunotherapies and new treatment strategies are needed. Here, the authors develop an integrated analysis of advanced SGC to characterize the immune microenvironment and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

A large-scale multi-omics analysis reports oncogenic alterations that drive medulloblastoma progression, rather than initiation, and the findings show how single-cell technologies can be used for early detection and diagnosis of medulloblastoma.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A microfluidics- and electron-microscopy-based method enables the characterization of polyclonal antibody responses to infection and vaccination.

Estimating the risk of long COVID is challenging because many of its symptoms are associated with other conditions. Here, the authors conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that estimate long COVID risk while accounting for background symptoms using comparator control populations.

SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in multiple outbreaks in hospitals, but identifying transmission events is challenging. Here, the authors combine whole genome sequencing and epidemiological data from the first two waves of the pandemic at a UK hospital trust and characterise transmission chains.

Analyses of strain-resolved metagenomics with isolate sequencing data of skin samples from residents at nursing homes suggest that skin is a reservoir for Candida auris and other multidrug-resistant bacterial species.

Modelling combined with epidemiological and genomic data analysis from a hospital in Spain reveals frequent transmission of high-risk pOXA-48-carrying enterobacteria clones between patients and horizontal transfer of pOXA-48 plasmid within patients.

Severe febrile illnesses in children may be various in presentation and aetiology but involve immune dysfunction amenable to immunomodulation. Here, the authors identify shared neutrophil and T cell dysfunction and a distinct interferon signature in critically ill children with severe febrile illness.

Cloaking is a technique for rendering obstacles undetectable, previously applied to waves and now extended to particles. Here using a time-periodic magnetic field, authors report that paramagnetic colloidal particles are guided around cloaked regions in a deformed magnetic lattice, resuming motion as if the distortion were nonexistent.

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is variable but has been linked to prognosis and the development of severe immunopathology. Here the authors assess a range of immune parameters in both peripheral blood and respiratory samples, providing a comparative assessment of the immune response between these compartments and their potential impact on immune-pathogenesis.

Reversal agents are intravenous drugs used to accelerate recovery from neuromuscular block post-surgery. We report that inhibition of ClC-1, a skeletal muscle chloride channel, reverses any nondepolarizing blocking agent, providing a novel reversal (antagonism) mechanism.

The authors assess the durability and long-term cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies raised in response to infections with SARS-CoV-2 or variants of concern in humans.

Targeting proinflammatory/oxidative enzymes is a promising approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Here the authors present a dual-specificity inhibitor for the simultaneous targeting of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 and Myeloperoxidase, two cooperative but functionally independent enzymes, and report potent anti-inflammatory effects of the dual inhibitor in multiple animal models of inflammatory disease.

In hospitals, surfaces present as a reservoir for bacteria pathogens, potentially leading to nosocomial infections. In this work, authors aim to profile extended-spectrum β lactamase- and carbapenemase-carrying bacterial species colonising neonatal hospital wards and causing neonatal sepsis.

Epithelial sealing is a fundamental process in animal development and wound healing. Here the authors show that a transient contractile seam in the freshly sealed epidermis generates forces promoting tissue zippering during Drosophila dorsal closure.

Breschi et al. investigated proteomic profiles from the Project Baseline Health Study cohort to identify whether there are differential plasma profiles associated with type 2 diabetes. They find that integration of proteomic and clinical data could enable a more refined risk-based stratification of individuals with normoglycemia or prediabetes.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of primary tumours and metastases from patients with pancreatic cancer provides insight into the evolutionary progression to metastasis, and the variation in clonal architecture within and between individuals.

The influence of pregnancy on Long COVID is not well understood. Here, the authors use electronic health record data from the United States to compare the incidence of Long COVID in females after infection in pregnancy with matched non-pregnant females of reproductive age.

Macrophages drive inflammation associated with severe COVID-19 but it is less clear whether they can be infected. Here, the authors show efficient antibody-mediated infection of primary macrophages by SARS-CoV-2, leading to cell fusion, de novo virus production and a potent cytokine response.

Whole-genome sequencing and mutational signature analysis of 265 head and neck cancer samples collected from eight different countries provide insight into the vital contribution of tobacco smoke in disease etiology.

Dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation exert a shared therapeutic modulation of cortex-subthalamic nucleus network activity in Parkinson’s disease, through a suppression of high beta synchrony mediated by the hyperdirect pathway.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

A common immune signature in the blood of patients with COVID-19, who are otherwise clinically heterogeneous, sheds light into the pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease.